Bostwick, H., M.D., of New York. Venereal Disease, N. York, 1848, 4to. Other works.

Boswell, Sir Alexander, b. 1775, eldest son of the biographer of Dr. Johnson, was murdered in a duel by Mr. Stuart of Dunearn, March 26, 1822. We say murdered, because we consider all deaths in duels to be cases of murder, calling for the hangman's rope for the survivor. If both parties escape, then perpetual imprisonment, or transportation for life, should preserve society from the contagion of those who so disgrace it. A wise man never yet fought a duel, a courageous man very seldom. As a general rule, cowards and imbeciles compose the ranks of the so-called "Men of Honour." See BoSQUETT, A., ante. Sir Alexander Boswell was a member of the Roxburghe Club, one of the originators of The Warder, a celebrated Scotch Tory paper, and pub. his Songs, chiefly in the Scottish dialect, 1803. Edinburgh, or the Ancient Royalty, 1810. Clan Alpin's Vow, 1811. See Dibdin's Lit.

Reminiscences.

Boswell, Edward. Civil Division of the County of Dorset, Sherborne, (1795,) 8vo. Acts of Parl. respecting Cavalry, &c. Part 1, 1798, 12mo.

Boswell, Geo. Watering Meadows, Lon., 1780, 8vo. "The essay possesses much merit, and has not been surpassed by the usage of the present time.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Boswell, H. Antiquities of England and Wales, Lon., fol.

Boswell, Miss H. The Idiot; a Novel, Lon., 1810, 3 vols. 12mo.

Boswell, James, 1740-1795, the friend and biographer of Dr. Johnson, was a native of Edinburgh, a son of a judge, who was called Lord Auchinleck from his estate, in conformity to Scottish custom. He studied law at Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Utrecht, and afterwards became an advocate at the Scotch bar. Besides the great work by which he will be known to the latest generations, he pub. several political, legal, and literary essays. His Journal of a Tour to Corsica, pub. Glasg., 1768, 8vo, was received with much favour, and was trans. into the German, Dutch, Italian, and French languages.

"Your Journal is curious and delightful. I know not whether I could name any narrative by which curiosity is better excited or better gratified."-Dr. Johnson to Boswell.

His introduction to Dr. Johnson occurred May 16, 1763. Perhaps no one who has read Boswell's amusing account of this interview will ever forget it! It is unnecessary to enter into any detail respecting a matter so well known as the character of James Boswell. The reader will find a review of Croker's Boswell's Johnson in the Edinburgh Review for 1831, by Mr. Macaulay, in which these three gentlemen are depicted with more strength of colouring than accuracy of drawing. Boswell's Life of Johnson did not appear until 1791, 2 vols. 4to, six years after the demise of his subject. The sale from 1791 to 1805 reached about 4000 copies. We cannot better occupy our space than by quoting some opinions concerning this renowned work. Mr. John Wilson Croker deserves great credit for his excellent edition of Boswell. We venture this assertion notwithstanding the unaccountable attempt of Mr. Macaulay to depreciate the value of Mr. C.'s editorial labours. We beg to present on the other side the commendation of an authority whose decision will hardly be questioned:

well the best edition of an English book that has appeared.”— Lon. Quarterly Review.

We might adduce many more testimonies to the excellence of Mr. Croker's edition. Perhaps a dozen such are lying before us, but we must content ourselves with the following:

"We cannot believe that any subsequent improvement will ever be made upon this edition; and we have no doubt that it will excite the curiosity and reward the attention of the reading world. We hope that we shall be able to repeat the saying of a distinguished writer of the last age-Every one that can buy a book has bought Boswell.'"-North American Review.

We add a few more commendations of Boswell's Johnson: "I now appreciate, with a keen recollection of the pleasure which, in common with every tolerably well-educated Englishman, I have felt, and shall continue to my very latest hour to feel, in the perusal of the biography of Dr. Samuel Johnson, by James Boswell, his companion, his chronicler, and his friend. This fascinating, and I may add truly original, composition, is a work for all times. In reading it, we see the man

Vir ipse.

...

Sic oculus, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat.' We even hear his voice, and observe his gesticulations. The growl of discontent and the shout of triumph equally pervades our ears. Walking, sitting, reading, writing, talking, all is Johnsonian. We place Boswell's Johnson in our libraries, as an enthusiast hangs up his Gerard Dow in his cabinet-to be gazed at again and again; to feed upon, and to devour."-Dibdin's Library Companion.

"In these memoirs of Dr. Johnson there are so many witty sayings, and so many wise ones, by which the world if it pleases may be at once entertained and improved, that I do not regret their publication."-BISHOP HORNE.

"Boswell's Life of Johnson is one of the best books in the world. It is assuredly a great, a very great work. Homer is not more dethe first of Dramatists,-Demosthenes is not more decidedly the cidedly the first of heroic Poets,-Shakspeare is not more decidedly first of Orators, than Boswell is the first of biographers. He has distanced all his competitors so decidedly that it is not worth while to place them: Eclipse is first, and all the rest nowhere. We are not sure that there is in the whole history of the human intellect so singular a phenomenon as this book. Many of the greatest men that ever lived have written biography; Boswell was one of the smallest men that ever lived, and he has beaten them all.”— T. B. MACAULAY: Edin. Review, 1831.

"Boswell's Life of Johnson is such a masterpiece in its particu lar species, as perhaps the literature of no other nation, ancient or modern, could boast. It preserves a thousand precious anecdotical memorials of the state of the arts, manners, and policy among us during this period; such as must be invaluable to the philosophers and antiquaries of a future age.”—Chalmers's Biog. Dict.

"There are few books that have afforded more amusement, or probably imparted more instruction, than what is usually called Boswell's Life of Johnson; which is, in fact, chiefly Boswell's repetition of the conversations of that great man whose name adorns the title-page of his work. Perhaps it is only from the literary productions of Johnson himself, and scarcely even from them, that equal advantage is to be reaped."

Boswell really saw very little of his great friend:
Mr. Croker calls our attention to the important fact that

"Of above twenty years, therefore, that their acquaintance lasted, periods equivalent in the whole to about three-quarters of a year only, fell under the personal notice of Boswell..... It appears from the Life, that Mr. Boswell visited England a dozen times during his acquaintance with Dr. Johnson, and that the number of days in which they met were about 180, to which is to be added the time of the TOUR, when they were together from the 18th August to the 22d November, 1773; in the whole about 276 days. The number of pages in the separate editions of the two works is 2528, of which 1320 are occupied by the history of these 276; so that a little less than an hundredth part of Dr. Johnson's life occupies above one-half of Mr. Boswell's work.... Every one must regret that his personal intercourse with his great friend was not more frequent or more continued."-Preface.

See Boswell's Letters to W. J. Temple, Lon., 1856, 8vo. Boswell, James, second son of the above, edited Malone's edition of Shakspeare's Plays and Poems, Lon.,

cises.

"Boswell's Life of Johnson is the richest dictionary of wit and wisdom any language can boast of; and its treasures may now be referred to with infinitely greater ease than heretofore. Enlarged and illuminated by the industrious researches and the sagacious running criticism of Mr. Croker, it is, without doubt-excepting a few immortal monuments of creative genius-that English book which, were the Island to be sunk to-morrow with all its inhabitants, would be most prized in other days and countries by the students of us and our history. To the influence of Boswell we owe probably three-fourths of what is most entertaining, as well as no inconsiderable portion of whatever is most instructive, in all the books of memoirs that have subsequently appeared. A really good Index has now, for the first time, been given with a book that above any other wanted one; and we pronounce this Bos

and his times, by various eminent authors." "Containing a vast quantity of matter illustrative of Shakspeare

He was a member of the Roxburghe Club, and pub. for it Poems, by Richard Barnfield, 1816, 4to, 34 copies; A Roxburghe Garland, 1817, 12mo. See a specimen in this volume of Mr. B.'s poetical talents,-L'Envoy. Memoir of the late Edmund Malone, Lon., 1814, 8vo, reprinted from the Gent. Mag.

Boswell, John. Workes of Armorie devyded into three bookes entituled, The Concords of Armorie, The Armorie of Honor, and of Coats and Crestes, Lon., 157297, 4to.

Boswell, John, prebendary of Wells, &c. Sermon, 1730, 8vo. A Method of Study, or a Useful Library, with a Catalogue of Books, Lon., 1738, 2 vols. 8vo. Remarks, &c., 1750-51.

Boswell, John. Dissertatio Inaug. de Ambra. Lugd. Bat., 1736, 4to.

Boswell, J. W. Phil. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1801, '05, '06. Boswell, P. 1. Bees, Pigeons, Rabbits, and CanaryBirds, N. York, 18mo. 2. Poultry-Yard, 18mo.

Bosworth, Joseph, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., &c., b. 1788, in Derbyshire; grad. at Aberdeen as M.A., and subsequently proceeded LL.D. in the same university. In order to become a clergyman of the Church of England, he at an early age taught himself Hebrew,-reading the language with the cognate dialects Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic. Grad. as M.A. and Ph. D. at Leyden; took the degree of B.D. in Trinity Coll., Camb. 1834, and D.D. in 1839; also D.D. ad eundem at Oxford in 1847. Dr. B. is a member of the principal scientific and literary societies of the world. 1. Introduction to Latin Construing. 2. Eton Greek Gram. 3. Elements of Anglo-Saxon Grammar, Lon., 1823, 8vo. "This work will prove a most valuable acquisition to the library of the philologer and antiquary. The introduction, on the Origin and Progress of Alphabetic Writing, displays considerable learning and ability."-Lon. Gent. Mag.

4. Practical Means of Reducing the Poor's Rate, 1824. "We have never perused a pamphlet more replete with sound sense and practical information than the present."-Critical Gaz., Sept. 1824.

5. Book of Common Prayer, English and Dutch, 12mo, 1838. 6. Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language, 8vo, 1838, 428. "This volume contains, within a moderate compass, a complete apparatus for the study of Anglo-Saxon. Copious, accurate, cheap, -embodying the whole results of Anglo-Saxon scholarship,-there is no other work of the kind, that can be put in comparison with it. It is the fruit of ripe scholarship, enlarged views, and many years' severe and patient labour."-Edin. Rev.

7. A Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary, 1848 abridgment of No. 6. 8. Origin of the English, Germanic, and Scandinavian Nations, 1848, 8vo, 208. 9. Origin of the Danish, and an Abstract of Scandinavian Literature. 10. Origin of the Dutch, with a Sketch of their Language and Literature; 2d ed. 11. King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of the Compendious History of the World by Orosius, 1856, 8vo, 16s. 12. Description of Europe, and the Voyages of Othere and Wulfstan, written in AngloSaxon by King Alfred the Great, 1855. Only 50 copies printed, £3 38. Dr. B. is preparing the Anglo-Saxon and Moeso-Gothic Gospels in parallel columns; also a new and enlarged ed. of his Anglo-Saxon Dictionary.

Bosworth, Newton. Accidents of Life, Lon., 1812. Bosworth, William. The Chast and Lost Lovers lively shadowed in the Persons of Arcadius and Sepha, &c., Lon., 1561? Svo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 65, £3 138. 6d. Warton remarks that it would appear from the following passage in the preface to this volume, that Christopher Marlowe was a favourite with Ben. Jonson.

"The strength of his fancy, and the shadowing of it in words, he [Bosworth] taketh from Mr. Marlow in his Hero and Leander, whose mighty lines Mr. Benjamin Ionson (a man sensible enough of his own abilities) was often heard to say that they were examples fitter for admiration than for parallel."

Boteler, Edward. Sermons, 1661, '62, '64, '66. Boteler, Nath. Sermons, 1659. Dialogues, 1685, 8vo. Boteville, Francis, assisted Holinshed in his Chro

nicles.

"A man of great learning and judgment, and a wonderful lover of antiquities."

Botomley, S. Grace displayed, 1806. Botoner, William, or William Worcester, b. about 1415, d. 1490, a native of Bristol, England, studied at Hart Hall, Oxford, 1434. Cicero de Senectute, 1475, trans. from the French. Itinerary; Cantab., 1778, 8vo. Antiquities of England. Abbreviations of the Learned, and other works.

Bott, Edmund. Statutes and Decisions respecting the Poor Laws, 1771.

Bott, Thomas, 1688-1754, a divine of the Church of England, pub. theolog. works, 1724-30. His best-known work is An Answer to vol. 1st of Warburton's Divine Legation of Moses, Lon., 1743, 8vo.

"Mr. Bott seems to proceed in what may be called a Socratic Logic. He grants for a time the proposition, and helps the opponent to confute himself, merely by showing him the absurd consequences."

Mr. Warburton made no reply to this stricture. Bottomley, J. A Dictionary of Music, 1816. Boucher, John, d. 1818. Twenty-two Sermons, Newcastle, 1820, 12mo.

"They are for the most part plain and parochial Discourses upon some important subjects of practical religion. The author was a man of superior talents and of sound learning."-Vide Preface. Boucher, Jonathan, 1738-1804, a native of Cumberland, England, emigrated to America when 16, and receiving holy orders, became rector of Hanover, then of St. Mary, Virginia, and subsequently rector of St. Anne, Annapolis, and Queen Anne, in Prince George's county, Maryland. A View of the Causes and Consequences of the American Revolution, Lon., 1797, 8vo. The Cumberland Man, 1792; (anon.) Two Assize Sermons, 1799, 4to.

During the last 14 years of his life he was engaged in preparing a glossary of Provincial and Archaic words, intended as a supplement to Johnson's Dictionary. He issued his proposals in 1802, under the title of Linguæ Anglicana Veteris Thesaurus. He did not live to complete his design. In 1804 the words under the letter A were published, and in 1832 (the proprietors of the English edition of Dr. Webster's Dictionary purchased Mr. B.'s MSS.) appeared Boucher's Glossary of Archaic and Provincial Words, edited by the Rev. J. Hunter and Joseph Stevenson, &c., parts 1 and 2, 4to. This collection professes to contain: I. A large collection of words occurring in early English Authors, not to be found in other works. II. Additional illustrations of some words which are found in those Dictionaries. III. Relics of the old language of the English Nation. IV. An Introductory Essay on the origin and history of the language.

Bouchery, W. Paraphrasis in Deboræ et Baraci Canticum, Camb., 1706, 4to.

Bouchette, Jos. British Dominions in N. America, 2 vols. 4to. Topographical D. of Lower Canada. Bouchier, Barton. Outlines of Grecian History. "A pleasing and useful introduction for young readers to a history of larger extent, and many of maturer years may find interest in its perusal."

Boudier, John. Plain and Practical Sermons, Lon., 1818, 8vo.

"Very good specimens of familiar parochial instruction."Christian Remembrancer.

pist, a native of Philadelphia. Age of Revelation, or the
Boudinot, Elias, 1740-1821, an eminent philanthro-
Age of Reason an Age of Infidelity, 1790; again, 1801.
Oration, 1793.
Star in the West, 1816.
Second Advent of the Messiah, 1815.
In this work Mr. B. expresses
the opinion that the N. American Indians compose the

Lost Tribes of Israel.

Boughen, Edward. Theolog. works, Lon., 1620–73. Boughen, Edward. Sermon, 1714, 8vo. Boughton, Sir C. W. B. R. Sub. of a Speech, 1798, 8vo.

siderations relative to G. Britain and her Oriental Colonies, Boughton, Sir G. B. Military and Political Con1808, 8vo.

Boult, Swinton. The Law and Practice relative to Joint-Stock Companies, Lon.

"A judicious pamphlet, well timed, and written by a man evidently conversant with the subject."-London Standard. "It will be read with much interest by all who are concerned in Joint-Stock Companies."-Albion.

Boulter, Hugh, 1671-1742, Bishop of Bristol, 1719, Archbishop of Armagh, Lord Primate of Ireland, 1724, was born in or near London, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. His character was most exemplary. He pub. eleven separate sermons, 1714-22, and several charges. His Letters to several Ministers of State in England, relative to Transactions in Ireland, from 1724-38, were pub. Oxf., 1769-70, 2 vols. 8vo.

"They contain the most authentic account of Ireland for the period in which they were written."-Editor of the Letters.

Boulton. Vindication of a Complete History of Magick, Sorcery, and Witchcraft, 1722, 8vo.

Boulton, Dean of Carlisle. Three Essays on the Employment of Time, Lon., 1754, 8vo.

Boulton, D'Arcy. Sketch of U. Canada, 1805, 4to. Boulton, Richard. Med. and other works, Lon., 1697-1724.

Boulton, Samuel. Medicina magica tamen Physica, Lon., 1656, and 1665, 8vo. A curious work. Boun, Abr. Tithes, 1650. The Clergy, 1651, Lon., 12mo. Bouncher, Samuel. Sermon, 1693, 4to. Bound, Nic.

See BoWND.

Bounden, Jos. Fatal Curiosity; a Poem, 1805, 12mo. Bouquet, Henry. Account of the Exp. against the Ohio Indians, &c., 1766, 4to. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict. Bour, Arthur. A Worthy Myrrour, wherein ye may Marke an Excellent Discourse on a Breeding Larke, Lon., sine anno; broadside.

Bourchier, Sir John. See BERNERS, LORD.

Bourchier, Thomas. Historia Ecclesiastica de Martyrio Fratrum Ordinis D. Francisci, &c., Paris, 1582, 8vo; in Brit. Museum and Bodleian Library. This volume contains much interesting matter relative to Irish ecclesiastical history.

Bourke, Jos., Abp. of Tuam. Sermon, 1776, 4to. Bourke, Lt. Gen. Sir Richard, K.C.B., assisted Earl Fitzwilliam in editing the correspondence (pub. in 1844) of Sir Richard's illustrious relative, the great Edmund Burke.

Bourke, Thomas. History of the Moors in Spain,

"The leading facts of astronomy up to the present time are accurately and clearly stated: and in the selection of materials, the arrangement and style, the work appears to be the best elementary book I have seen."-LORD ROSSE, the owner of the great Rosse Telescope.

"In this list we must not omit mention of a remarkable American woman, who has achieved signal success in the science of astronomy,-who, in fact, may justly be termed the Mary Somerville of the United States."-TRÜBNER: Bibliographical Guide, new ed., 1858.

Bouvier, John, 1787-1851, Recorder of the City of Philadelphia, Associate Judge of the Court of Criminal Sessions in the same city, and an eminent legal writer, was a native of the village of Codognan in the department of Gard, in the south of France. Having been a resident of America since his 15th year, and identifying his name with American and English jurisprudence, we need make no apology for enrolling the name of Judge Bouvier in a list of British and American authors. The first indication which John Bouvier exhibited of that remarkable power of analysis which eminently distinguished his mind, was the production of an abridgment of Blackstone's Commentaries, the fruit of his leisure hours whilst preparing for admission to the bar. In 1839 he pub. a work, which, with all the rest of his useful and laborious compilations, has attained great and deserved popularity:

A Law Dictionary, adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States of America, and of the several States of the American Union; with References to the Civil and other Systems of Foreign Law. Phila., 2 vols. 4th edit. revised, improved, and greatly enlarged, Phila., 1853, 2 vols. r. 8vo. The following excellent mottoes, than which nothing better could have been chosen, appear on the title-page:

"Ignorantis terminis ignorantur et ars."-Co. LITT. 2 a. "Je sais que chaque science et chaque art a ses termes propres, inconnu au commun des hommes."-FLEURY.

A layman's commendation of a profound professional work very properly carries with it but little weight. For this cause, and other obvious reasons, we have always preferred, in our Encyclopædia, to adduce the opinions of eminent authorities upon works respecting which similar pursuits had authorized a judgment at once intelligent and ex cathedra.

lisher of Philadelphia, a son-in-law of Judge Bouvier, took charge of a portion of another volume. With this exception, the whole of this Herculean task devolved upon our indefatigable author, who completed it in the intervals of business in only four years!

"Among other improvements, he prepared the first index it ever had, for each volume, and a general one for the whole. A single sentence as to the character of this work, as it came from his hands, would be entirely superfluous." See BACON, MATTHEW.

Judge Bouvier had now earned a substantial claim to the gratitude of the profession, by the laborious zeal with which he had endeavoured to provide for the student a clue through the apparently interminable labyrinth of statute and common law. But he had long felt the need of a compendious, yet easily comprehensible, summary of American law, which should at once serve as a guide to ledge, perhaps acquired in earlier years, but now partially the youthful student, and as a convenient digest of knowforgotten, by the "Gamaliels of the profession." The mind of no man can be guaranteed as "marble to retain," and between that which we never knew, and that which we know not when we need it, there is for practical purposes but little difference.

The analytical system of Pothier was held by our author in great admiration. His mind was essentially of the same cast-delighting in rigid analysis of subject, scrupulous care in classification, and severe accuracy in definition and terminology. It is well known that the compilers of the Code Napoleon owe much of the credit which has rewarded their labours to the Pandectæ Justinianeæ, and undertake a compend of American law, based upon the other works of Pothier. Judge Bouvier determined to method of Pothier. Finding his own views as to the systematical arrangement of legal subjects confirmed by so eminent an authority, he was strengthened by that encouragement which mental assimilation always confers upon men of remarkable grasp of intellect. When contemplating "enterprises of great pith and moment," it is a great satisfaction to the adventurer to find that others have been inflamed by the same zeal, and buoyed up under difficulties by a like hope. The sailor who "hugs the coast," cares little for companionship; but he who encounters a fellow-mariner on the wide waste of waters feels the consolations of sympathy and continues his voyage with renewed courage. That we may not be suspected of under-estimation of labours of which we must necessarily be an incompetent judge, we shall strengthen our position by some brief extracts from some of the most learned "opinions" of which the American bench and bar can boast.

Extract of a Letter to Judge Bouvier from Chief Justice Story: A very important and most useful addition to our judicial literature. It supplies a defect in our libraries, where the small dictionaries are so brief as to convey little information of an accurate nature to students, and the large ones are rather compendiums of the law, than explanatory statements of terms. Yours has the great advantage of an intermediate character. It defines terms, and occasionally explains subjects, so as to furnish students at once the means and the outlines of knowledge. I will feel greatly honoured by the dedication of the work to me, &c. With the highest respect, truly your obliged friend, JOSEPH STORY."

"I have run over almost every article in it, and beg leave to add, that I have been deeply impressed with the evidences throughout the volumes, of the industry, skill, learning, and judgment with which the work has been compiled."-CHANCELLOR KENT.

"Not only the best which has been published, but in itself a valuable acquisition to the bar and bench, by which both will profit."-HON. Judge Baldwin, U. S. Supreme Court.

"One of the most useful works of the kind in print."-HoN. JUDGE RANDALL, U. & District Court.

"For extent of research, clearness of definitions and illustration, variety of matter and exactness of learning, it is not surpassed by any in use, and, on every account, I think, is preferable to them all."-HON. JUDGE GREENLEAF.

In 1841 Judge Bouvier undertook the laborious task of the preparation of a new edition of Bacon's Abridgment of the Law, in 10 r. 8vo volumes, including about 8,000 pages. One of these volumes was edited by Judge Randall; and Mr. Robert E. Peterson, the well-known pub

15

The Institutes of American Law was pub. in 1851, in 4 vols. 8vo. The author may be said to have "died in the harness:" in two months after he had the gratification of seeing the result of his arduous labours given to the world, he was gathered to the "house appointed for all living." "It is a work of very great value.... The general plan, and the not, I think, be improved. And I may say the same thing of the manner in which the plan is carried into execution. For every principle and rule is stated with brevity and perspicuity, and sup ported by proper reference."-HON. ROGER B. TANEY, Chief Justice of the United States.

"I know of no work which shows so much research, and which embodies so generally the elementary principles of American Law, as the Institutes of Mr. Bouvier. His name is most favourably mistaken if his Institutes shall not add to his high reputation as known to the profession by his previous works; and I am greatly an able and learned law-writer. The Institutes ought not only to be found in the hands of every student of law, but on the shelf of every lawyer."-HoN. JOHN MCLEAN, Associate Judge of the Su preme Court of the United States.

"It forms a valuable addition to legal science, and is well calculated to become a text-book for students."-HoN. JOHN M. READ. Judges Wayne, Greenleaf, Green, Grier, Irwin, and Kane, add their testimony to the high authorities quoted above. Bovet, Richard. Pandæmonium, or the Devil's Cloyster; being a Further Blow to Modern Sadduceism, proving the Existence of Witches and Spirits, Lon., 1684, 8vo.

Bovyer, R. G. Education for the Infant Poor, 1811. Bowack, John. Antiquities of Middlesex: Parts 1 and 2, all pub., Lon., 1705, fol.

Bowater, John. Sermon, Lon., 1694, 8vo. Bowber, Thomas. Sermon, 1805, 4to. Bowchier, Josh. Hæreticus Triumphatus, Oxon.,1719. Bowchier, Richard. Sermon, Lon., 1692, 4to. Bowden, Á. Treatise on the Dry Rot, Lon., 1815, 8vo. Bowden, James. Covenant-Right of Infants as to Baptism, Lon., 12mo. Family Conversations, 12mo. History of the Society of Friends in America, p. 8vo. Religious Education Enforced, 12mo.

Bowden, John. Epitaph-Writer; containing 600

Bowden, John. Serm., 1704, '15?

Bowden, John, D.D., d. 1817, aged 65, Professor of Belles-Lettres and Moral Philosophy in Columbia College, New York, was an Episcopal clergyman for more than forty years. In 1787, he was rector of Norwalk. He was elected Bishop of Connecticut, but, as he declined, Dr. Jarvis was appointed. Dr. B. pub. A Letter to E. Styles, 1787, and The Apostolic Origin of Episcopacy, in a Series of Letters to Dr. Miller, 2 vols. 8vo, 1808.

Bowden, John William. The Life and Pontificate of Gregory VII., [Hildebrand,] 2 vols. 8vo, Lon, 1840. See a review in Brit. Critic, xxix. 280.

Bowden, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1804, 8vo. Prayers and Discourses for the Use of Families, 1816, 8vo.

"The subjects of these Sermons are of a practical nature, and the preacher discourses on them with calmness and simplicity."

Lon. Month. Rev.

Bowden, Thomas. The Farmer's Director; or, Compendium of English Husbandry, Lon., 8vo. Donaldson (in Agricult. Biog.) places this work under 1803 and also under 1809.

Bowdich, Thomas Edward, 1790-1824, a native of Bristol. 1. Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee, Lon., 1819, 4to.

"A work of considerable importance, from the account it gives us of a people hitherto almost entirely unknown, and from the light which the very diligent and laborious inquiries of Mr. Bowdich have thrown upon the geography of Africa.”—Edin. Rev.

2. Trans. Mollien's Travels to the Sources of the Senegal and Gambia. 3. British and French Expedition to Teembo. 4. Account of the Discoveries of the Portuguese in Angola and Mozambique, 1824, 8vo. 5. Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo, &c., 1825, 4to. This was pub. by his widow. Three works, illustrated, on Mammalia, Birds, and Shells. Other works and essays.

Bowditch, Nathaniel, LL.Ď., 1773–1838, a native of Salem, Massachusetts, has won an enduring reputation by his translation of, accompanied with a commentary on, the Mécanique Céleste of La Place, pub. in 4 large 4to vols., Boston, 1829, '32, '34, '38. The example of Bowditch should operate as a stimulus to the ambition of every uneducated youth who desires to supply the defects of earlier years. The son of a cooper, he was taken from school at the age of ten years, and apprenticed to a ship-chandler. On attaining his majority, he went to sea as an inferior officer in a merchant vessel. So great was his thirst for knowledge, and so accurate his powers of observation, that he had arranged an Almanac, complete in all its parts, at the age of 15. His first publication was The Practical Navigator.

"Scarcely surpassed in usefulness by any of the time, and im

mediately driving all others of the same class out of circulation."

-N. American Review.

The English edit. of this work, edited by Kirby, was pub. in London by Mr. Hardy, 1802, 8vo. By accident he obtained a copy of Newton's Principia, and taught himself Latin that he might read the work, and he made a translation of the whole.

He made four voyages to the East Indies, and one to Europe, and at the age of 30 became President of an Insurance Company in his native town. This office he held for twenty years, when he was transferred to the place of Actuary of the Massachusetts Life Insurance Company, which post he held for the rest of his life. He lived to superintend through the press the whole of his translation of La Place, with the exception of the pages post 1000 of vol. iv. The expense of publication was estimated at $10,000, (which it exceeded,) and although the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and some of his personal friends offered to issue the work at their own cost, he declined their liberal proposal, and determined, with the consent of his family, to undertake it himself. Their decision as to whether he should expend one-third of his fortune in this enterprise deserves to be recorded. His wife, without whose encouragement Bowditch often declared his great work would never have seen the light, urged him to give the result of his labours to the world, and promised to make any sacrifice which would facilitate his plans. His children urged him to go on: "We value your reputation more than your money," was their noble response. The work was most favourably received.

"The idea of undertaking a translation of the whole Mécanique Céleste, accompanied throughout with a copious running commentary, is one which savours, at first sight, of the gigantesque, and is certainly one which, from what we have hitherto had reason to conceive of the popularity and diffusion of mathematical knowledge on the opposite shores of the Atlantie, we should never have

execution-in that quarter. The first volume only has as yet reached us; and when we consider the great difficulty of printing works of this nature, to say nothing of the heavy and probably unremunerated expense, we are not surprised at the delay of the second. Meanwhile, the part actually completed (which contains the first two books of Laplace's work) is, with few and slight exceptions, just what we could have wished to see an exact and careful translation into very good English-exceedingly well printed, and accompanied with notes appended to each page, which leave no step in the text of moment unsupplied, and hardly any material difficulty either of conception or reasoning unelucidated. To the student of Celestial Mechanism' such a work must be invaluable."-Lon. Quarterly Review, vol. xlvii. 1832.

See Review by B. Peirce in N. American Review, xlviii. 143: also notices of Bowditch, in American Jour. of Science, xxxv. 1; Hunt's Mag., i. 33; Am. Almanac, 1836, 228; Amer. Quar. Reg., xi. 309; Oration by Mr. Pickering before the American Academy; Discourse by Judge White; Private Memoir by N. J. Bowditch, Bost., 1839.

Bowditch, Samuel. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1713. Bowdler, Miss E. Sermons on the Doctrine and Duties of Christianity, Lon., 1828, 12mo. Of these Sermons, 43 editions had been sold in 1836. Bishop Porteus admired them so highly that he directed the publisher to inform their clerical author that he would provide him with "a living" in his gift. Poems and Essays, &c.

Bowdler, Mrs. H. M. Practical Observations on the Revelation of St. John; 2d edit., Bath, 1800, 12mo. Designed for those who have not leisure or inclination to examine the prophetical meaning of the Apocalypse.

"Many such readers will doubtless be found; and whoever takes up the book with a serious mind, will be edified by the good sense, piety, and modesty of the writer."-Brit. Critic, O. S. vol. xvi. Pen Tamar, or the History of an Old Maid, Lon., Svo. "Written with great simplicity, and in the most engaging spirit of benevolence."-Lon. Monthly Review.

Other works.

Bowdler, John. Reform or Ruin, Lon., 1779, 8vo. Bowdler, John, Jr., barrister. Select Pieces in Prose and Verse, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. 8vo.

"The peculiar value of these volumes is the combination of talent, of taste, and of piety which they exhibit."-Lon. Quarterly Review.

Theological Tracts, 1818, 12mo. "An able writer."-BICKERSTETH,

Bowdler, Thomas, 1782–1857. Serms. on the Nature, Offices, and Character of Jesus Christ, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo.

"A plain exposition of the principles which have been deduced by our great theologians from holy writ, and a practical application of them to the government of our lives. The style is at once plain enough for general instruction and sufficiently adorned to please all who read sermons for improvement.”—Lon. Chris. Rememb. Other works.

Bowdler, Thos., 1754-1825. Letters from Holland, Lon., 1788, 8vo. Life of General Villettes, &c., 1815, 8vo.

Liberty, Civil and Religious, 1816, 8vo. The Family Shakspeare; in which nothing is added to the original Text; but those Words and Expressions are omitted which cannot with Propriety be read aloud in a Family, Lon., 8 vols. 8vo, £4 148. 6d.; and 10 vols. r. 18mo, £3 38.

"We are of opinion, that it requires nothing more than a notice, to bring this very meritorious publication into general circulation. It is quite undeniable, that there are many passages, in Shaks peare, which a father could not read aloud to his children; a bro ther to his sister; or a gentleman to a lady. Mr. Bowdler has only effaced those gross indecencies which every one must have felt as blemishes, and by the removal of which no imaginable ex moval, the work generally appears more natural and harmonious cellence can be affected. So far from being missed on their rewithout them."-Edin. Rev.,No. 71. See Athen. 1858, Pt. 2, 233.

Family Gibbon; reprinted from the Original Text, with the careful Omission of all Passages of an irreligious or immoral Tendency, 5 vols. 8vo, £3 38.

Bowdoin, James, 1727-1790, Governor of Massachusetts, was author of a poetic Paraphrase of the Economy of Human Life, 1759. He also pub. a philosophical discourse, addressed to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Boston, 1780-the year in which he became president of the Institution. This, and several other papers of his, will be found in the first vol. of the Society's Memoirs.

"These productions manifest no common taste and talents in astronomical inquiries."

Bowdoin, James, 1752-1811, son of the preceding, minister of the United States to Spain, pub. a trans. of Dauberton's Advice to Shepherds; Opinions respecting the Commercial Intercourse between the United States and Great Britain, (anon.)

Bowen, Mrs. Kenilworth Castle, and other Poems, Lon., 8vo. Ystradffin; a Descriptive Poem, 8vo. Bowen, Captain. A Statement of Facts, 1791, 8vo. Bowen, Eli. The United States Post-Office Guide,