Amongst the distinguished men of the county may be named George Vernon, called "the King of the Peak; Charles Cotton, the poet, who resided at Beresford Hall, near Ashbourne, where he was visited by "his dear and most worthy friend Mr. Izaak Walton;" Brindley, the self-taught engineer; Strutt, the inventor of ribbed stockings, and the partner of Arkwright in the spinning of cotton, and whose descendant has just been elevated to the peerage as Lord Belper; Thomas Bott, an English clergyman of ingenuity and learning, born at Derby 1688, died 1754; Arthur Agard, a learned and industrious antiquary, born in Derbyshire 1540, died 1615; William Owtram, or Outram, an English divine, and accomplished scholar, born in Derbyshire 1625, died 1679; Jonathan Edwards, D.D.; Dr. Samuel Pegge, the learned antiquary and author; Abraham Booth, a pious and popular dissenting minister, born in Derbyshire 1734, died 1806; George Stanhope, Dean of Canterbury, a divine of eminent talents and personal worth, born in Derbyshire 1660, died 1728. Charles Ashton, one of the most learned critics of his age, born in Derbyshire about 1665, died 1752; Robert Bage, author of " Mount Heneth" and other novels, born in Derbyshire 1728, died 1801; Ellis Farneworth, M. A., Rector of Carsington, translator of several works from the Italian and French, and editor of an edition of the works of Machiavelli, in 2 vols. 4to. Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, the "famous judge," known as "The Father of English Husbandry," and author of the "Natura Brevium," Office of Justice of the Peace," "Book of Husbandry," etc. etc., of all of which numerous editions have been published; Cardinals Curzon and De Repington; Bishops Pursglove and Middelton; Mompesson, the christian hero of Eyam; Sir Richard Arkwright, who, though not a native, yet by his skill and enterprise did much for the fame and prosperity of Derbyshire; Sir Francis Chantrey, the eminent sculptor; Sir Joseph Paxton, the designer of the Crystal Palace; Sir Charles Fox, the engineer of the same; Sir Francis Burdett, the celebrated political leader; Sir Aston Cockayn, the poet; Sir Thomas Fanshawe; Anthony Babington, who was cruelly beheaded by Elizabeth for conspiring in favour of Mary Queen of Scots; President Bradshaw, who signed the death-warrant of Charles; the celebrated Lord Chief Justice Denman; Charles Richardson, the author of " Pamela," "Sir Charles Grandisson," etc.; Dr. Darwin, the author of "Zoonomia,' ""Loves of the Plants," etc.; William Hutton, the historian; Dr. John Woodward, the naturalist and philosopher, and founder of the Woodwardian professorship; Wright the painter; Jeremiah Brandreth,

the leader of the "Derby conspiracy," who was beheaded for high treason; Thomas Linacre; Antony Blackwall; the Howitts; and a large number of other equally eminent individuals. Amongst the eminent women of Derbyshire it will be sufficient to name the celebrated Countess of Shrewsbury, known as "Bess of Hardwick;" the accomplished authoress, the Duchess of Newcastle; Anna Seward, the poetess, and friend of Dr. Johnson; and Florence Nightingale, whose name is so closely identified with the late war, for her holy ministrations in the hospitals, and with every good work.

"All the east border beyond Dronfield, Alfreton, Belper, to Dale Abbey, is coal, with clay-slate and ironstone; from Ashbourne and Duffield to Hope, and from the east side of the Derwent to beyond the Dove, carboniferous limestone; south of Derby, red sandstone or marl; between Uttoxeter and Derby, gritstone (for cutlers) is found, and also in the middle, from Belper upwards to the north border, and all round to Chapelle-Firth, in beds of great thickness, rising into bold crags near Hathersage, Glossop, etc."

The population of the county is principally employed in manufactures, in mining, and in agriculture. The manufactures consist chiefly of silk, which is thrown to a greater extent here than in any other county, and is also manufactured into finished goods, including ribbands, sewing silks, boot-laces, velvets, trimmings, and other articles; of cotton; of calico; lace; pottery; porcelain, now in very small quantities; hardware; gloves; stockings; hats; merino clothing; iron; paper, etc. etc. The mining operations comprise lead, ironstone, coal, etc., and a very large number of people are employed in this manner. The agricultural pursuits of the two districts of the county vary considerably. The south district is rich in pasturage, and produces remarkably fine crops and cattle; the land is in a high state of cultivation and very efficiently worked. The north or Peak district is naturally much later in crops than the south, but produces, in some parts, excellent corn. The gritstone and limestone quarries, and the marble and spar works, are very extensive, and employ a large number of hands, as do also the gypsum pits. There are large chemical and colourworks at Derby, and the iron-foundries of the county are some of the largest in the kingdom.

The county is divided into six hundreds-two and a portion of a third being situated in the northern division, and the remainder in the southern. There are 14 market towns, 132 parishes, and 440 villages. Six members are returned to Parliament-i. e. two for each of the divisions, and two for the

county town.

The real property was valued in 1843 at £1,379,025, of which £40,638 was on mines, £1,024,204 on railways, £21,454 on canals, and £6005 on ironworks.

CENSUS OF 1851.

Population-Males, 147,737; Females, 148,347. Total, 296,084. Population in 1841, 272,202. Increase, 23,202. Number of Houses-Inhabited, 59,371; Uninhabited, 2498; Building, 453. Total, 62,322. Number in 1841, 53,020. Increase, 9302.

Poor-Law Valuation in 1851, £1,043,514.

6

DERBY,

HOTELS.-Royal, Victoria Street, Mrs. Cantrell-Bed 1s. to 28., breakfast 1s. 9d. to 2s., lunch 1s. 6d., dinner 2s. to 7s. 6d., tea 1s. 6d., supper 1s. 6d., attendance 1s. 6d., private rooms, 2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d. Midland Hotel, Railway Station-Bed 3s., breakfast 2s. 6d., dinner 5s., tea 2s. King's Head, Corn Market, F. Huggins. Bell, Sadlergate, Wightman. Nag's Head, St. Peter's Street, Costin. Population in 1851, 40,609. Inhabited houses, 8199. Derby from London, 132 m.; from Birmingham, 42 m.; from Bristol, 134 m.; from Manchester, 70 m.; from Liverpool, 101 m.; from York, 88 m.; from Edinburgh, 300 m.

THE county town, is situated in the southern division of the

county, on the banks of the lovely Derwent. It was anciently styled Northworthigie, a name of undoubted Saxon origin, and at a later period Deoraby, a Danish name. That the Danish name was the source of the modern appellation appears perfectly evident. It is not unlikely that the Danish title, however, may have been derived from the Celtic "Dur," water, and the Anglo-Saxon termination "bye," signifying a habitation; the name Deoraby, since transformed into the more civilized title Derby, would thus be descriptive of a habitation, or of habitations, near a river or piece of water. The proximity of the Derwent fully justifies the application. Another conjecture is, that it may have been originally written Derwentby, and that in course of time the middle syllable was dropped. It is conjectured that the Britons had a station here, and the fact of the British Road, the Rykneld Street, running through the town would strengthen the probability of such being the case. Many interesting Celtic remains have from time to time been found on the line of this road in various parts of the town and in the neighbourhood. The Roman settlement was at Little Chester, on the outskirts of the present town, but Roman coins and other remains have frequently been dug up in various parts of Derby. The earliest authentic notice of the town is in Bede, who flourished about the middle of the seventh century. He styles it "Villa Regalis." It was captured by the Danes about 918; they were afterwards surprised and totally defeated by Ethelfleda, daughter of King Alfred,

who boldly attacked the castle, and took it by storm. They returned, however, and were ultimately turned out by Edmund I. The battlefield of Hastings was the last resting-place of many of the inhabitants. In the reign of Edward the Confessor Derby was a royal borough, containing a large number of burgesses. The Conqueror, when he made away with the property of the disaffected English, granted Derby and a great part of the county to his natural son William Peveril. At this time the town was fortified, and had a strong castle, the last vestiges of which disappeared about 250 years ago. Henry I. granted the town to Ralph, Earl of Chester, and in 1204 John granted them many privileges, and confirmed their mercatorial guild. In 1261 Henry III. granted an act prohibiting the appearance of Jews in the town. Edward II. appears to have been at Derby just before the battle of Borough Bridge, and here it was that Sir Robert de Holland surrendered himself. A charter had been held for centuries by the town, but its exact tenure was so doubtful, that Edward III. took advantage of the weakness of their position by demanding a fine of forty marks for its renewal. In the reign of Mary, Derby was disgraced by the public burning of a poor blind woman for her religious belief. This martyr's name was Joan Waste, and the spot where she was burned is still known; it was on the then outskirts of the town, at a spot called Windmill Pit. On the 13th of January 1585, the truly unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots was lodged one night at Derby, on her way from Wingfield Manor to Tutbury Castle. Referring to this, Sir Ralph Sadler says, "This daye we remove the Queen to Derbie, and to-morrowe to Tutbury, the wayes beinge so foule. and depe, and she so lame, though in good health of bodie, that we cannot goe thoroughe a daye." Sir Ralph has many very interesting passages relating to this visit, and got into dreadful trouble by having permitted Mary to kiss her hostess, Mrs. Beaumont, of Babbington Hall, where she staid for the night. In 1635 Charles I. was at Derby, and in 1643 Sir Thomas Fairfax remained some days. In 1665, when the plague raged with such fury in the metropolis, it was not less violent in Derby. So severe was it, that the country people refused to bring their commodities to market, and the poor sufferers were threatened with famine. To avert this additional calamity, the inhabitants erected a stone a little to the west of the town, and hither the market people came with their goods, which were exposed to the purchaser, who was not permitted, however, to touch. Having purchased the goods, the money was deposited in the hollow stone, containing vine