Kendal, however, labours under great difadvantages: oats are the only produce of the country; and the general fuel is peat.

The church is large, and divided into five aifles. The caftle is of great antiquity; but its founder is unknown. I ftands on the summit of a round hill, eastward of the town, and is now a ruin.

From this place, they made an excursion to Water Crook, a mile diftant, the ancient Concangium, a Roman ftation, whofe veftiges are almoft worn away by the plough. Altars, coins, and other antiquities, have been found here.

Croffing the river, they paffed fome large round hillocks, and reach Caftlehow Hill, a great artificial mount above the town, with foffes and dykes. Immediately below is a ipot, called Battle Place, but no tradition preferves the reafon of the name.

At a fmall diftance from Kendal, again cross the Ken, and, paffing through the fmall market town of Beaton, foon after enter Lancashire; and, after a long and uninteresting stage, reach its capital, Lancaster. This is a large and wellbuilt town, on the river Lune, navigable for thips of pretty large burden, as far as the bridge. The church is feated on an eminence, and commands an extenfive view. The caftle is ftill entire, and forms the county jail, and the courts of justice. The front has a magnificent appear

ance.

Eleven miles beyond this is the village of Garftang, lying in a fertile plain, noted for producing the fineft cattle in all the county, fome of which have been fold at a large price.

A little

A little to the eaft is a ruined tower, the remains of Grenehaugh Castle, a feat of the first earl of Derby.

Haftening through Prefton, Warrington, and Chefter, I finished my journey," fays Mr. Pennant, "the 18th of September, with a rapture of which no fond parent can be ignorant; that of being restored to two innocent prattlers, after an abfence equally regretted by all parties."

SECOND

IN SCOTLAND,

AND A

VOYAGE TO THE HEBRIDES.

BY

THOMAS PENNANT, Esq.

Of Downing, in Flintshire.

PERFORMED IN THE YEAR 1772.

"HIS tour, which embraces a wider range

THI

than the laft, and completes the circuit of Scotland, was undertaken in company with that ingenious and lamented botanist, the Rev. John Lightfoot, author of the Flora Scotia, and the Rev. John Stewart, of Killin, a gentleman intimately acquainted with the language and cuftoms of the Highlands. The fruits of their united obfervations are dedicated, by our tourist, to that patron of learning and fcience, of which he is a rare example himfelf, Sir Jofeph Banks, bart.

May, 18, 1772, they left Chefter, paffed over Hoole Heath, and, riding through the small town of Trafford, get into a fandy country, VOL. I. K

which

which continued to Hellefby Tor, a high and bluff termination of Delamere Foreft. Hence they enjoyed a view of the junction of the Weever and the Mersey, and an extenfive track of marthy meadows.

Soon after, they reached Frodsham, a town, confifting of one long ftreet, which, with its caftle, was allotted to David, brother of Lewelyn, the laft prince of Wales, as a reward for his perfidy against his family and country. This, like moft other towns and villages in Cheshire, ftands on an eminence of fand-ftone. The church is built on a vaft height, above the town, and above this edifice is Beacon Hill, with a beautiful walk along its fide. At the bottom, are butts for the ancient exercise of archery, which is ftill practised here.

1

Crofs the Weever on a good stone bridge; fee the ruins of Rock Savage, once the feat of a family of the fame name; and, about two miles farther, on the right, had a view of Dutton Lodge, once the feat of the Duttons*; a family, who, by a fingular grant, were mafters or chiefs omnium Leccatorum et meretricium totius Ceftrefire. This privilege was firft conferred by Randal VI. earl of Chester, for fome important fervices, when the earl was closely befieged by the Welch in Rudland Caftle.

Reach Halton Caftle, now a ruin, except a part kept up as a prifon for the Dutchy of Lancafter, to which it appertains. From hence is a delightful view over a confiderable part of

Cheshire.

*Now Lords Sherborne.

Descending

Defcending the hill, they paffed Norton, a modern house, built on the fite of an ancient priory; and, continuing their route over a dull, flat country, foon enter Lancashire, by croffing the Mersey at Warrington.

The approach of this town is unpromiling: the ftreets at first are long, narrow, and ill built; but, by degrees, affume a more handsome and airy appearance. The church has been modernized; but two ancient fide chapels ftill remain, containing monuments of the Maffies and Botelers, both families of repute in this county.

Befides the church, Warrington contains a chapel of eafe, and meetings for different fectaries, as are common in large, manufacturing places. The free-fchool is amply endowed; and an academy has been established here, conducted by Diffenters, on the plan of an university*.

Several manufactures are carried on here, which are readily conveyed down the Mersey to Liverpool. Many thousand bufhels of potatoes are alfo exported from the environs to the Mediterranean, at the medium price of 1s. 2d. per bufhel.

The falmon fishery is very confiderable, and the fish are fold to great advantage. Smelts and grainings likewife abound in this river.

From this place they made an excursion to Orford, the feat of John Blackburne, Efq. where they dined and flept. "This gentleman," fays Mr. Pennant, "like another Evelyn, from earlieft life, has made his garden the employment and amufement of his leifure hours, and

* This institution failed; though certainly not for want of abilities in the profeffors.