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Sweet Jesu! king of bliss

Mine heart's love, mine heart's joy,
Thou art sweet, in very sooth

Wo is him, that shall miss thee!

Sweet Jesu! mine heart's light,
Thou art day, all without night!
Give thou me strength, and eke might
Thee for to love aright! &c.

Sweet Jesu! my Lord!

My life; mine heart all is thine,
Change mine heart, and light therein-
And loose me from the Devil's snare.

Little know they, that professe amitie
And seeke to scant her comely libertie,
How much they lame her in her propertie.

And lesse they know, who being free to use

That friendship, which no change but love did chuse
Will unto license that fair leave abuse, &c.

The affecting elegy, written by Charles, and preserved by Burnet, may furnish us with another specimen.

Nature and law by thy divine decree
(The only root of righteous royaltie)
With this dim diadem invested me;
With it the sacred sceptre, purple robe,
The holy unction and the royale globe-
Yet am I levell'd with the life of Job!

The fiercest furies, that do daily tread
Upon my grief, my grey discrowned head,

Are those that owe my bountie for their bread, &c.

But, sacred Saviour, with thy words I woo

Thee to forgive, and not be bitter to

Such as, thou knowst, do not know what they do!

Augment my patience, nullify my hate,

Preserve my issue, and inspire my mate,

Yet, though we perish, bless this church and state!

The compound staves which rhimed continuously were, for the most part, formed on a very simple plan. Certain verses, varying in number from four to eight, took the same final rhime, and a couplet furnished with a different rhime shut in the stave-iteration being em

Chot aburde in a bour: ase beryl so bryht
Ase saphyr in selver: semly on syht
Ase iaspe the gentil: that lemith with lyht
Ase gernet in golde
Ase onycle he ys on

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and ruby wel ryht

yholden on hyht

Ase diamaund the dere in day when he ys dyht

:

He y is coral —— -?: with cayser and kniht
Ase emeraude amorwen: this may haveth myht
The myht of the margerite : haveth this mai mere
Ffor charbocle ich here ches: be chyn and be chere.

Hire rode is ase rose that red is on rys
With lilye white leres : lossom he is

The primerole he passeth: the pereuenke of pris
With alisaundre thareto : ache and anys

Coynte ase columbine such hire cunde ys

:

Glad under gore : in gro and in grys

He is blosme opon bleo : brihtest under bis
With celedoyne and sauge: ase thou thiself sys
That syht upon that semly to blis he is broht
He is solsecle to sunne ys forsoht.

:

He is papeiai in pin: that beteth me mi bale
To trewe tortle in atour: ytelle the mi tale
He is thrustle thyuen in thro: that singeth in sale
The wilde laveroc aut wole : the wode wale

He is faucoun in friht: dernest in dale
Ant with euerich a gome : gladest in gale

1 "Under gore," "in gro and in gris," and "under bize," are common phrases in our old English poems, used for the purposes of generalization— just as the Anglo-Saxon used the phrases, under the heaven, under the welkin, on mold (that is, on earth), and others of the same kind. They show a more artificial state of society, inasmuch as they all refer to articles of

ployed to bind the two parts together. The following song was written about the year 1300. It is curious as a store-house of amatory compliment, from which many a gallant seems afterwards to have drawn his commonplace.

I wot a bride in a bower, as the beryl bright;
As saphire in silver, seemly to sight;

As the gentle jasper, that gleameth with light;
As garnet in gold, and ruby so rightful;
She's one like the onyx, holden on high;

As the precious diamond (in the day when she's dight)
She's coral with Kaiser and knight;

As emerald in the morn this maiden hath might;

The might of the margerite (pearl) hath this maid also;
For carbuncle I selected her for her chin and her complexion.

Her hew is as rose, that red is on branch ;
With lily-white skin, lovesome is she ;

The primrose she passeth, the pink of price,
With alisaunder also, the ache, and the aniseed
Skilful as the columbine, such her nature is;
Gladsome under wede, in gro and in gris'

;

She's a blossom in colour, the brightest under baize',

With celedony and sage, as thou thyself seest;

He that looks upon that seemly one, to bless is he brought,

He is the sunflow'r, that to the sun is drawn.

She's popinjay that in pain: assuageth my sorrow,

To trew turtle, in a tower,

She is throstle, that singeth in hall;

The wild lark and

?

? the wood-wele ;

She is falcon, in frith, most secret in the dale,
And with every man most gladsome in song;

dress. The word gore is still well-known to the seamstress, and means the triangular piece of cloth, or linen, which is wanted to complete the fork, or interior angles of a vestment; gro and gris are different kinds of fur; and bize is a kind of cloth, I believe no other than our common baize.

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Hire nome is in a note of the nyhtengale
In annote is hire nome: mempneth hit non
Whose ryht redeth: ronne to Johon.

The next stave likens the favourite lady to the various delicacies of the table; and the last to different heroes of romance, the song ending with the line,

Gentle as Jonas, she joyeth with Jon.

Hence it is clear the poet's name was John; and his lady's is just as clearly Annot, and not Joan, as Warton strangely surmises. It may also be well to inform the reader that all this alliterative jingle was not manufactured for the occasion, but consists, for the most part, of favourite correspondences, which long kept their place in our liter

Skottes out of Berwik: and of Abirdene
At the Banokburn: war ze to kene

Thare slogh ze many sakles: als it was sene
And now has king Edward: wroken it i wene
It is wroken i wene: wele wurth the while
War zit with the Skottes: for thai er full of gile.

Rughfute riveling now kindels thi care.
Bere bag with thi boste: thi biging is bare,

Fals wretche and forsworn: whider wilton fare

Busk the unto brig: and abide thare

Thare wretche salton won and wery the while

Thi dwelling in Donde is done for thy gile.

:

Sometimes Minot gives eight verses to the stave—the six first, of course, taking the same rhime. In the song from which we have quoted, the second rhime remains unchanged throughout. As the strain upon the memory

That is wisest from Wey-hill in Wiltshire to Wirral in Cheshire. The riveling was a brogue of untanned leather worn in Scotland during the fourteenth century. The term was given as a nick name to the Scotch

From Wey she is wisest unto Wyrhale ;'
Her name is in a note of the nightingale,
In a note is her name-let no one name it-
Whoso readeth rightly, let him run to Johan.

ature. The "rightfulnesse of the rubie," "the might of the marguerite," &c. were common alliterations, and probably owed their rise to the superstitions of our ancestors. Both Anglo-Saxon and old English MSS. are still extant, which treat of the virtues of herbs, precious stones, &c.

Minot, the northern poet, who sang the triumphs of our third Edward, often used these compound staves; but the transcriber of the MS. has, in some cases, written the sections as distinct verses. The following staves are part of one of his songs against the Scotch.

Scots out of Berwick and of Aberdeen
At Bannockburn were ye too fierce,

There slew ye many, without guilt, as t'was seen,
And now has King Edward aveng'd it I ween.
It is avenged I ween, well worth the while!

Yet be ye ware of the Scots, for they are full of guile.

2

Roughfoot Riveling, now kindles thy sorrow!

Bear-bag,3 with thy boast, thy dwelling is bare!
False wretch and forsworn, whither wilt thou fare?
Get ye unto the bridge, and abide ye there—
There wretch shalt thou won, and curse the while,
Thy dwelling in Dundee is lost through thy guile, &c.

is thus lessened, there is less necessity for the iteration to bind together the two portions of the stave; and, in the fifteenth century, it was generally omitted. Dunbar's expostulation with his patron, the fair-spoken and heart

by the well-dressed Englishman, and afterwards (as civilization advanced) was applied by the "tame Scots" to the wild Highlander.

3 The Scotchman, in a foray, always carried with him a bag of oatmeal.

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