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1. Qu'allez-vous faire ? 2. Je vais apprendre mes leçons. 3. N'allez-vous pas écrire à vos connaissances? 4. Je ne vais écrire à personne. 5. Qui vient de vous parler? 6. L'Irlandais vient de nous parler. 7. Quand l'Ecossaise va-t-elle vous enseigner la musique? 8. Elle va me l'enseigner l'année prochaine. 9. Va-t-elle commencer mardi ou mercredi ? 10. Elle ne va commencer ni mardi ni mercredi, elle a l'intention de commencer jeudi, si elle a le temps. 11. Votre compagne va-t-elle à l'église tous les dimanches? 12. Elle y va tous les dimanches et tous les mercredis. 13. Qui allez-vous trouver? 14. Je ne vais trouver personne. 15. N'avez-vous pas l'intention de venir me trouver demain? 16. J'ai l'intention d'aller trouver votre teinturier. 17. Envoyez-vous chercher le médecin? 18. Quand je suis malade, je l'envoie chercher. 19. Reste-t-il avec vous toute la journée? 20. Il ne reste chez moi que quelques minutes. 21. Allez-vous à l'école le matin? 22. J'y vais le matin et l'après-midi. 23. Y allez-vous tous les jours? 24. J'y vais tous les jours, excepté le lundi et le dimanche. 25. Le samedi, je reste chez nous, et le dimanche, je vais à l'église.

EXERCISE 50.

1. What is the Irishman going to do? 2. He is going to teach music. 3. Has he just commenced his work? 4. He has just commenced it. 5. Who has just written to you? 6. The dyer has just written to me. 7. Does your little boy go to church every day? 8. No, sir; he goes to church Sundays, and he goes to school every day. 9. Do you go for the physician? 10. I send for him because my sister is sick. 11. Do you go to my physician, or to yours? 12. I go to mine, yours is not at home. 13. Where is he. 14. He is at your father's, or at your brother's. 15. Do you intend to send for the physician? 16. I intend to send for him. 17. Am I right to send for the Scotchman? 18. You are right to send for him. 19. Do you go to your father in the afternoon? 20. I go to

morrow.

him in the morning. 21. Does your brother go to your uncle's every Monday? 22. He goes there every Sunday. 23. Are you going to learn music? 24. My niece is going to learn it, if she has time. 25. Am I going to read or to write? 26. You are going to read to27. Does he go to your house every day? 28. He comes to us every Wednesday. 29. At what hour? 30. At a quarter before nine. 31. Does he come early or late? 32. He comes at a quarter after nine. 33. What do you send for? 34. We send for wine, bread, butter, and cheese. 35. What do you go for? 36. We go for vegetables, meat and sugar. 37. We want sugar every morning.

LEÇON XXVII.

LESSON XXVII.

PLACE OF THE PRONOUNS.

1. The personal pronoun used as the direct regimen [§ 2, (2.) § 42, (4.)] or object of a verb,' is, in French, placed before the verb, except in the second person singular, or in the first and second persons plural of the imperative used affirmatively.

Il me voit, il l'aime.

Il nous aime, il vous aime.

He sees me, he loves him.
He loves us, he loves you.

2. The personal pronoun representing the indirect regimen of the verb, [§ 2, (3.) § 42, (5.)] answering to the dative of the Latin, and to the indirect object of the English with the preposition to expressed or understood, is also in French placed before the verb.

Il me parle, il lui parle.
Il nous donne une fleur
Il vous parle, il leur parle.

He speaks to me, he speaks to him.
He gives us a flower.2

He speaks to you, he speaks to them.

3. The personal pronoun is generally placed after the following verbs aller, to go; accourir, to run to; courir, to run; venir, to come; penser à, songer à, to think of.

Il vient à moi.

Il pense à vous, à eux.

He comes to me.
He thinks of you, of them.

4. In the imperative used affirmatively, the pronouns follow the verb, and are joined to it by a hyphen.

Aimez-les, parlez-leur.

Love them, speak to them.

'The young student will easily distinguish the personal pronoun used as the direct regimen of a verb, by the fact that there is in English no preposition between the verb and this pronoun.

The preposition to is understood. He gives a flower to us.

5. The words en and y follow the above rules, except the 3d. I speak of it, I think of it.

J'en parle, j'y pense.

6. The pronoun used as indirect regimen, answering to the genitive or ablative of the Latin, and to the indirect object which, in English, is separated from the verb by a preposition other than to, is in French, always placed after the verb.

Je parle de lui, d'elle, d'eux.
Je reste avec vous et avec eux.

I speak of him, of her, of them.
I remain with you and with them.

7. All pronouns used as objects of verbs, must be repeated.
Je les aime, je les respecte, je I love, respect and honor them.
les honore.

RÉSUMÉ OF EXAMPLES.

M'entendez-vous ?

Je ne vous entends pas.
Les entendez-vous ?

Je les vois et je les entends.
Il nous aime et il nous honore.
Me parlez-vous de votre ami?
Je vous parle de lui. [R. 6.]
Nous parlez-vous de ces dames?
Je vous parle d'elles.

Ne leur parlez-vous pas ?

Je n'ai pas envie de leur parler.
Parlez-lui.

Ne lui parlez pas.
Allez à lui, courez à lui.
Parlez-leur. Ne leur parlez pas.

Affaire, f. affair;
Arbre, m. tree;
Avis, m. advice;
Cerisier, m. cherry-tree;
Communiqu-er, 1. to com-
municate;

See § 32.

Do you hear or understand me?
I do not understand or hear you.
Do you hear them?

I see them and understand them.
He loves and honors us.

Do you speak to me of your friend?
I speak to you of him.

Do you speak to us about those ladies?
I speak to you of them.

Do you not speak to them?

I have no wish to speak to them..
Speak to him or her.

Do not speak to him.

Go to him, run to him.

Speak to them. Do not speak to them.

EXERCISE 51.

Compagnon, m. compan- Matin, m. morning;

ion;
Déjà, already;
Écri-re, 4. ir. to write;
Exemple, m. example;
Envoy-er, 1. ir. to send;

Nouvelle, f. news;
Pens-er, 1, to think;
Poirier, m. pear-tree;
Pommier, m. apple-tree;
Respect-er, 1. to respect.

1. Allez-vous lui écrire ? 2. Je vais lui écrire et lui communiquer cette nouvelle. 3. Allez-vous lui parler de moi? 4. Je vais lui parler de vous et de votre compagnon. 5. Leur envoyez-vous de beaux arbres? 6. Je leur envoie des pommiers, des poiriers, et des cerisiers. 7. Ne m'envoyez-vous pas des cerisiers ?. (See note, page 38.) 8. Je ne vous en envoie pas, vous en avez déjà. 9. Avez-vous raison de leur parler de cette affaire? 10. Je n'ai pas tort de leur parler de nette affaire? 11. Venez à nous demain matin. 12. Venez nous

trouver cette après-midi. 13. Allez-vous les trouver tous les jours? 14. Je vais les trouver tous les soirs. 15. Leur donnez-vous de bons avis? 16. Je leur donne de bons avis et de bons exemples. 17. Nous parlez-vous de vos sœurs? 18. Je vous parle d'elles. 19. Ne nous parlez-vous pas de nos frères? 20. Je vous parle d'eux. 21. Ne les aimez-vous pas? 22. Nous les aimons et nous les respectons. 23. Pensez-vous à ce livre, ou n'y pensez-vous pas ? 24. Nous y pensons et nous en parlons. 25. Nous n'y pensons pas.

EXERCISE 52.

1. When are you going to write to your brother? 2. I am going to write to him to-morrow morning. 3. Do you intend to write to him every Monday? 4. I intend to write to him every Sunday. 5. Have you a wish to speak to him to-day? 6. I have a wish to speak to him, but he is not here. 7. Where is he? 8. He is at his house. 9. Do you speak to them? 10. Yes, sir; I speak to them about (de) this affair. 11. Do they give you good advice? 12. They give me good advice, and good examples. 13. Do you go to your sister every day? 14. I go to her every morning, at a quarter before nine. 15. Does she like to see (voir) you? 16. She likes to see me and she receives me well. 17. Do you think of this affair? 18. I think of it the whole day. 19. Do you speak of it with (avec) your brother? 20. We speak of it often. 21. Do you send your companion to my house? 22. I send him every day. 23. Are you at home every day? 24. I am there every morning at ten o'clock. 25. Do you like to go to church? 26. I like to go there every Sunday and every Wednesday. 27. Do you speak of your houses? 28. I speak of them (en). 29. Does your brother speak of his friends? 30. Yes, sir; he speaks of them (d'eux). 31. Does he think of them? 32. Yes, sir; he thinks of them (à eux). 33. Does he think of this news? 34. Yes, sir; he thinks of it (y). 35. I love and honor them.

LEÇON XXVIII.

LESSON XXVIII.

RESPECTIVE PLACE OF THE PRONOUNS.

See § 101.

1. When two pronouns occur, one used as a direct regimen or object (accusative), the other used as the indirect regimen or object (dative), the indirect object, if not in the third person singular or plural, must precede the direct object. [§ 101, (1.)]

Je vous le donne.

I give it to you.

Il me le donne.

Il nous le donne.

He gives it to me.

He gives it to us.

2. When the pronoun used as an indirect object (dative), is in the third person singular or plural, it must be placed after the direct object. [$101, (2.)]

Nous le lui donnons.

Nous le leur donnons.

We give it to him.
We give it to them.

3. The above rules of precedence apply also to the imperative used negatively.

Ne nous le donnez pas. [R. 1.]
Ne le lui donnez pas. [R. 2.]

Do not give it to us.
Do not give it him.

4. With the imperative used affirmatively, the direct object precedes in all cases the indirect object. [§ 101, (5.)]

Donnez-le-nous.

Give it to us.

Montrez-le-leur.

Show it to them.

5. En and y always follow the other pronouns.

Je lui en donne.

Il nous y envoie.

I give him some.

He sends us thither.

6. PRESENT OF THE INDICATIVE OF THE IRREGULAR VERBS.

VOIR, to see;

VOULOIR, to will, be wil- PouVOIR, to be able;
ling;

Je vois, I see, do sec, or Je veux, I will or am Je puis, I can, I may,

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I am able;
Tu peux,1

Il peut,
Nous pouvons,

Vous pouvez
Ils peuvent.

7. The above verbs take no preposition before another verb.

8. The preposition pour is used to render the preposition to, when the latter means in order to.

Je vais chez vous, pour parler à votre frère, et pour vous voir. J'ai besoin d'argent pour acheter des marchandises.

I go to your house, to speak to your brother, and to see you.

I want money to (in order to) buy goods.

RÉSUMÉ OF EXAMPLES.

Voulez-vous nous le donner?
Je veux vous le prêter.
Pouvez-vous me les donner?

Will you give it to us?

I will lend it to you.

Can you give them to me?

1 After the verbs, pouvoir, to be able; oser, to dare; savoir, to know; the negative pas may be omitted.

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