Examples-sunu son, bróđer brother, man man.

So too are declined wudu wood, sidu custom, medo mead, metheglin; móder mother, dóhter daughter, sweoster sister: fót foot, and tóc tooth, follow man' making fét, téd. (5) Sun-ena is rare.

Leóde (G. leute) people, Dene Danes, Engle Angles, Englishmen, and a few more in -e with no singular, make leódum, leóda, &c.

IX.-CLASS III.

The Third Declension, third Class, contains all feminines ending in -u or -o, also some irregulars which change their vowel, &c. The former sometimes make the genitive plural in -ena.

Examples-denu vale, bóc book, burh burgh, town.

(5) Comp. G. mann, männer; fuss, füsse; zalı, zähne.

Like denu are declined lufu love, gifu gift, grace, snóru daughter-in-law, caru care, lagu water, &c. Mænigeo (-u) many, multitude, yldo age, eld, brado breadth, and some others in-o are indeclinable, except abl. and dat. plur. mænigum. Duru door makes abl. and dat. sing. dura. Collectives in waru, as burh-waru town's-folk, form plur. -ware, gen. -wara or -wareną. Mús mouse, lús louse, cú cow, gós goose, bróc breeches, follow bóc, making plur. mýs mice, lýs lice, cý kye, gés (1) geese, bréc. Cú sometimes has gen. sing. cús, (2) gen. plur. cúna. Turf turf, and furh furrow, follow burh, making tyrf, &c.

CHAPTER III.

I.-Adjectives

As in German &c. have a Definite and an Indefinite inflection the former is used when the adjective is preceded by the definite article, by any other demonstrative, or by a possessive pronoun; the latter always else. There are three Declensions, one for the Definite form, agreeing closely with the Simple Order, two for the In

(1) Comp. G. buch, bücher; maus, mäuse; laus, läuse; kuh, kühe; gans, gänse.

(2) See page 70, n. 4.

definite, answering, though not so exactly, to the Complex Order of Nouns.

II.-Definite Declension.

Example-(gód good) þæt gód-e (3) &c. the good.

This declension is used for all adjectives, participles, and pronouns in general; participles present however take -ra instead of -ena in the genitive plural. Monosyllables commonly change æ to a throughout; as, smæl small, þæt smale, se smala, seó smale the small, and so on. Adjectives in -h, as heáh high, usually change it to g when the case-ending is a vowel, as, þæt heág-e, &c.; otherwise the h is dropt; as, abl. &c. heán. Those in -u (-0), as near-u narrow, take w throughout; as, þæt near-we, &c. (4)

(3) Comp. Nouns I. 1, 2, 3.

(*) Comp. Nouns II. 2, 3. III. 1.

Thus are declined adjectives ending in -e, -el (-ol), -isc, and -wís; likewise most monosyllables, all participles present, participles past of the Simple Order, superlatives and pronouus; as, wyrd-e worth, worthy, dýg-el dark, sprec-ol talkative, menn-isc human, ge-wís sure, sód true, sooth, leóht light, heard hard, seóc sick, wrec wretched, fæst fast, &c.

Those in -e drop it when a syllable of inflection is added; wyrd-ne, wyrd-um, wyrd-re, &c.

Adjectives in -h and -u follow the rules given above; accus. masc. heá-nne, nearo-ne; abl. &c. fem. heá-re, near-we or near-e; gen. plur. heá-ra, near-wa or

near-a.

(1) Comp. Nouns II. 1, 2,

some of both the

As, læt late, slow,

Thus are declined monosyllables with æ (except fæst) &c., most adjectives with derived endings, and participles past of the Complex Order; latter, however, follow Declension I. swær heavy, glæd glad, bær bare, swees sweet, dear, til good, eád-ig blessed, prosperous, fær-líc sudden, dangerous, ge-sib-sum peaceable, mag-er meagre, hlutt-or clear, fæg-en glad, fain. Some dissyllables are contracted in certain forms, as, hál-ig holy, hál-ge, hál-ges, &c., but gen. plur. hál-igra and the like.

(1) Comp. Nouns III. 1, 3.