Bútan þære wíc-stówe outside the camp. Bútan ælcum an-ginne without any beginning. Bútan wífum and cildum besides women & children. Be-twynan þám twam mynstrum (+) between the two monasteries. Tó-middes pám wæterum amid the waters. On-middan þám treowe in the midst of the tree. Æt-foran his prym-setle before his glory-seat. Tó middes dæges at mid-day: likewise in several compound prepositions above and below. And-lang along (like G. ent-lang) governs the genitive; as, And-lang þæs wéstenes along the desert. The following govern the accusative or dative; the former usually, as in Latin, &c., when motion to, the latter when motion from, or rest in, a place, is signified: but this rule is not strictly followed in A. S. (4) Hence minster; G. münster; all from L. monasterium. (5) Hence O. Lalidom: "by my halidom!" (*) Comp. πро, L. pro, G. (be-)vor;, G. an; ¿v, L. and G. in ; vπep, L. super, G. über, D. over; G. unter, gegen, &c. (7) Like be-t wy nan from twá; comp. G zwi-schen from zwei. 1 2 ofer over under under tó-geanes against, on-gean toward Fore Healf-denes hilde-wísan before Healfdene's war-chiefs. pá he þá be-foran pone graman cyning ge-læd was when he then was led before the cruel king. Ic eom a-send be-foran hine I am sent before him. Od Daniele þám witegan till Daniel the prophet. He sylf od-fleáh on Asiam he himself escaped into Asia. On þám heán munte on the high mount. Heó hine in þæt mynster on-feng she received him into the monastery. In ge-limp-lícre tíde at a fitting time. lc eó sende swa sceáp ge-mang wulfas I send you as sheep among wolves. On-ge-mang óðrum mannum among other men. Be-tweox his magas among his kin's-folk. Be-tweox pære ealdan æ and pære niwan betwixt the old law and the new. pá feoll he úppon hine then fell he upon him. U'ppon ánum beáme upon a beam. Heó be-seáh inn on þá byrgene she looked into the tomb. Innon pære healle within the hall. Hí comon ofer þá sæ they came over the sea. Micel man-cwealm be-com ofer þære Romaniscre leóde a great plague came upon the Roman people. Under pære fæstnesse under the firmament. Wid-útan his dóm-ern outside his judgment-hall. Wid-útan þám díce without the ditch. Tó-geanes his fýnd he gæð hegoeth against his foes. Hí þá ferdon tó-geanes þám hæđenum they then marched against the heathen. Feohtende on-gean hine fighting against him. pá com him þær on-gean then came there to meet him. Be-geondan Iordanem beyond Jordan. Be-geondan þám mere beyond the lake. For for, and mid(1) with, govern the accusative, ablative, or dative; as, For eall Cristen folc ge-biddan to pray for all Christian people. For þý máne for that crime. For hwylcum intingan? for what cause? Mid þá fore-spre cenan fæmnan(2) with the foresaid damsel. Mid þý áde with the oath. Mid his ágenum life with his own life. Wid against, with, &c. governs the accusative, dative, or genitive; as, Wid þá reádan se by the Red Sea. Wid þín folc toward thy people. pa assan wid hí læswodon the asses were grazing with them. (') Comp. G. für; μera, G. mid. (2) L. femins. A'na wid eallum alone against all. Eage wid eagan, tód wid té₫ eye for eye, tooth for tooth. Wid pas holtes(') toward the wood. He éfste wid þæs heres he hastened against the army. A preposition sometimes stands after its case; as, Him bi twegen beámas stódon by him stood two trees. It is sometimes parted from it altogether, and placed either next before the verb, or last of all; as, pe he man-cyn mid a-lýsde with which he redeemed mankind Þá ge-nea-læhte him án man tó then drew nigh to him a man. Ymb-útan is sometimes divided; as, Ymb han-cred útan about cock-crow. Wid and weard are sometimes used, the one before, the other after an accusative or genitive; as, Wid heofonas weard() toward the heavens. Wid Petres weard toward Peter. VI.-Syntax of Conjunctions. The following conjunctions require the verb to be in the indicative mode: and (3) and. (1) P. holt, G. holz. eác eke, aiso. (2) Comp. the use of L. ad-versus. (3) Comp. G. und, auch, so, da, dann, denn, da-da, &c. The following require the subjunctive, though in general, as in Latin, in subordinate prepositions only: pæt, pæt-te (5) that peáh(-pe) though swylce as if bonne hwænne od(-þæt) until pá-hwile(-pe) (6) (the) while Were, ér-pám(-pe) before ær when tó-pón-pæt in order that á-þý-pe so much the-as hú, hú-meta how. (*) The particle þe is added or not at pleasure to several conjunctions. G. dass, D. dat; G. doch, wann, wenn, &c. (*) Hwíl is a noun, (11. 3.) while, time; G. weile. () Answering to worερov-n, L. utrum-an; like these hwæder is properly a neuter pronoun. (8) The conjunction gif has no more to do with the verb gifan than S. gin has with given, or O. an with u n n a n. |