Politics and culture in international history

accepted accordance actual affairs ancient Arabs Asia authority became become Byzantine Byzantium cause century chief China Chinese Christian church cities civilizations close concept constitutional continued contract course cultural developed diplomacy early East Eastern effect emperor Empire established Europe European existence fact force foreign forms Greek hand human ideas imperial India individual influence institutions intellectual interests Islamic Italy king land later means medieval Mediterranean merchants methods Middle moral Muslim nations nature official organization orientation original particular peace period Persian policies political possible practical present principles reality realized realm reason records reference regarded region relations religious representatives Roman Rome rule Russian secular seems separate social society successful suggested theory thought tions trade traditions unity universal values various Venetian West Western whole York