Politics and culture in international history

A. A. Vasiliev affairs Africa ancient Arab Asia Asian Athenian Bactria became Buddhism Byzantine Empire Byzantium caliphate Cambridge century A.D. chief China Chinese Christian church cities civilizations commercial commonwealth concept Confucian Constantinople constitutional context crusades cultural Dar al-Islam developed diplomacy diplomatic East Eastern effect Egypt elites emperor established Europe's evolution fact foreign German Greece Greek Hellenistic Herodotus Holy Roman Empire human ibid ideas ijma imperial India individual influence institutions intellectual interests international history international relations Islamic Italy king Kingdom League medieval Mediterranean ment merchants military modern moral Muslim nations non-Western norms organization orientation Parthia peace Persian philosophy policies political pope principles realized realm records region religion religious Rhodian Roman Empire Roman law Rome Rome's Russian scholars secular social society sovereign theory thought tional tions trade traditions unity universal Venetian Venice West Western Europe Western European York