Is worth two white men, on an av'rage!" North of Roger's Rock the character of the Lake changes; the wild mountain shores yield to a fringe of verdant lawn and shady copse, and the water grows momently more shallow. This last variation was a god-send to the first English captives, detained by the French and Indians in the olden time, upon Prisoner's Island, hereabouts. At a quiet moment they took French leave, and waded ashore ! Directly west of Prisoner's Island is Howe's Landing, the point of debarkation of the mighty flotilla which we met at Sabbath-Day Point: and here, too, good reader, is our landing, and the end of our voyage of Horicon. Nothing could be more charmingly picturesque than the position and surroundings of the hotel at this memorable spot: the fairly-like air of the verandahed and latticed little house, its dainty walls gleaming in the drops of sunshine which steal from beneath the "sloping eaves" of the verdant grove, which encircles it, and the rich velvety lawn sloping so gently to the very edge of the water. Within immediate reach of this quiet and secluded retreat, stands the ancient Fort, looking proudly down, even in the feebleness and decrepitude of age, upon the scenes which once looked to its strength for protection and defense. Ticonderoga, though geographically belonging to Lake Champlain, is essentially, in all its historical associations, and in all its natural beauties, part and parcel of Horicon; and nowhere may we more appropriately end our day's rambles than within its quiet shades. You will now collect your traps, and stepping with us, into one of the carriages which awaittake a pleasant jog of four miles down the merry outlet of Lake George, and through the two vil- Let us linger yet a moment, while the moonlages of Ticonderoga, or "Tye," as they are fa- light holds, amidst these eloquent mementoes of the miliarly called, to the brave old fort which the past. Once these aged and tottering piles braved sturdy Ethan Allen so audaciously seized, "in the defiance thundered from the frowning brow the name of the Great Jehovah and the Conti- of yonder mountain. Here many of that glad nental Congress." In this little four-mile gal- and gorgeous array which we have twice met, lop of Horicon to Lake Champlain, the water found a gory resting-place. Here the feeble makes a descent of two hundred and thirty feet, arm of a young nation first grew strong to humforming in the journey two series of very consid-ble the pride of tyrant power. erable cascades, called the Upper and the Lower Feeble and mouldering walls, too weak to bear Falls; both made industrially available by the even the tender embrace of the clinging ivy! denizens of the villages just mentioned. This You were once the envied and the vaunted glory ride, with its opening vistas of the valleys and of the three great powers of the earth. France, hills of Vermont; its foaming cataracts; its Britain, and America successively confessed charming revelations of the grand waters of your strength. You are no more a contested Champlain; and, above all, its termination amidst prize, and never again may you be. Quiet is the remains of the famed old Fort, is a welcome within your walls, and Peace dwells among the sequel to the day's delights. nations. FERRY HOUSE AT BROOKLYN, 1791. homestead roof to hew down the forest, let in the blessed sunlight to the bosom of Mother Earth, and then to seek sustenance, and manly vigor from the generous soil; and Buffalo is like a publican and toll-gatherer upon the highway, growing rich and lusty upon the spendings of troops of wayfarers, who eat, drink, and are merry, pay tribute, and pass on. BROOKLYN is earliest in date and greatest in population. Within its corporation bounds Sarah Rapelye, the first white child born on Long Island, inspired her earliest breath, two hundred and twenty-eight years ago. The hills around were called Breucklen (broken land) by the Dutch, and the orthoepy has but little changed, now that a beautiful city covers their slopes and crowns their summits, and the Dutch language is no more heard. When settlements and farms increased upon Long Island a ferry was established. A broad flat-boat for man and beast was provided, and the rental of the privilege to navigate the channel was appropriated to the building of the old City Hall in Wall Street, New York, where GROWTH OF CITIES IN THE UNITED Washington was inaugurated President of the STATES. EVERY thing in the United States presents the aspect of freshness, vigor, and elastic vitality to the European on his arrival here, and he is continually impressed with the consciousness that he is in the midst of a vast progressive movement of a people young, lusty, and indomitable, toward the highest social refinement, political wisdom, and national grandeur. The cities and villages appear as if they were recently commenced, and were being rapidly pushed toward completion, to appear well at some great cosmopolitan fete near at hand. To the citizen of some old town in Continental Europe which was embalmed in history centuries ago, and where a new house has not been erected, nor an old one altered, within the memory of man, every thing here seems in its nativity-a magician's wand appears to be summoning vast marts of commerce from the blue waves of the ocean, and beautiful villages from the bosoms of the forests. We have many startling data with which to illustrate the wonderful progress of our country in industrial pursuits, social refinement, and true national greatness; but there is none more tangible than the growth of our cities. We will select for illustration, only three, from a single State-the cities of Brooklyn, Rochester, and Buffalo, in the State of New York. The wonderful vitality which has stimulated the growth of each has been drawn from separate and distinct sources: Brooklyn from its proximity to a great and increasing commercial city; Rochester from the inherent energy, industry, and enterprise of its aggregating population; and Buffalo from its eligible position in the great pathway of commerce between the Atlantic and the States along the Lakes and the Father of Waters. Brooklyn is like the child of a rich parent, nursed into life and placed in good society without much personal endeavor; Rochester is like a sturdy youth, with ax and spade, sent forth from the United States. A ferry house was built upon the Brooklyn side, where the farmers ate and drank, and parties from New York went to devour delicious fish, served in Epicurean style. The ferry house was famous for these things all through the dark period of the Revolution, when many a scarlet uniform was seen beneath its stoop," its owner often "hob-and-nob" over a plate of fish with a rebel of bluest dye. Long years afterward the ferry house continued to be a solitary tenant of the soil, where now is so much life-so much of brick and mortar, merchandise and confusion. 66 A friend of the writer (John Fanning Watson, Esq., the well known annalist of New York and Philadelphia), whose memory, vivid as morning light, goes back full sixty years, has given him, in a letter recently written, a picture of Brooklyn as it appeared to him in boyhood, and with it a pencil sketch of the ferry house, depicted at the head of this article. The house stood upon the high bank, some thirty or forty feet above the water, and the road to the little ferry wharf below was cut through the bank, where Fulton Street now terminates. At the bottom of the bank, about one hundred and fifty yards below the ferry house, was a large fresh water spring, from which almost every vessel that came into the harbor procured a supply. To that spring young Watson went with a boat's crew, in 1791, and filled casks with water, to supply their vessel anchored in the stream. Then New York was a comparatively small city. The ship yards (foot of Catharine Street) were upon its extremest verge; the City Hall Park was close by the green slopes that terminated in the "Fresh Water Pond," where the Halls of Justice now stand, and beyond were orchards and "milk farms," whose "bars" opened into the " Bowery road to Boston." Among the luxuries enjoyed by young Watson at that time, was a stroll in "Brannan's Garden," just out of town, on the Greenwich road, near greater than that of the city of New York on the moonlight winter's night when the artist's pencil portrayed the above sketch. Its trade and commerce, and all its prosperity arising from industrial pursuits, are so interwoven with New York, that we pass the matter by in silence. the present junction of Greenwich and Franklin | to-day is more than one hundred thousandStreets. What wonderful changes within the memory of a man yet actively engaged in life's pursuits, managing with energy a portion of the daily business of that most active agent in our social progress a railway! Let those who would enjoy the luxury of supping upon his reminiscential dainties uncover his delicious dish, the Annals of New York. For twenty years longer, Brooklyn remained in almost an embryo state. Three churches were erected, but the worshipers were chiefly from the adjacent farms. The nest-egg ferry house, so long a solitaire, began to have a few companions, and some of the more progressive people aspired to the dignity of villagers. But opposition to the measure was strong and pertinacious, and it was not until 1816 that a majority said "Yes," and Brooklyn became an incorporated village. It then received its vital spark. Commerce expelled families from the lower wards of the city of New York, and many sought pleasant residences over the water. Emigration thither became fashionable; steam succeeded horses in the propulsion of ferry boats; the village developed strength, dignity, and beauty; put on city airs, and in 1834 the whole little township of Brooklyn, with its kernel at the ferry house, was incorporated a CITY. Since then (not twenty years), its progress has been wonderful. Williamsburg, Bedford, Flatbush, and Gowanus, are already hiding beneath the fringe of its mantle. Its population *From 1840 to 1850, the aggregate number of new buildings erected in the city of New York was 15,409. Last year (1852) about 2500 buildings were constructed. ROCHESTER IN 1812. ROCHESTER is emphatically a Child of the Wilderness, only forty years of age. It is at the First Fall of the Genesee, a few miles from Lake Ontario, and upon the spot where, fifty years ago. Allen, a semi-savage Tory of the Revolution, built a mill to supply the scattered settlers in the wilderness all over western New York. It was called "a God-forsaken place; inhabited by muskrats; visited only by straggling trappers, through which neither man nor beast could gallop without fear of starvation, or fever and ague." When public spirited and far-seeing men were making earnest endeavors to open highways from the Hudson to the Lakes, and resolved, in 1807, to erect a bridge over the Genesee River at the First Fall, Enos Stone built a log-cabin there. He cleared a few acres and planted corn, but the wild beasts destroyed it. His chief enemy was a huge she-bear, who long baffled his attempts to destroy her. Early in the autumn of 1811 his rifle bullet brought her from a tree, mortally wounded, and he had but little trouble afterward. The scene and the scenery is faithfully depicted in the engraving. That log-house yet stood upon St. Paul's Street when a resident population of more than twenty thousand were eating, drinking, loving and trafficking, upon the cornfield where, twenty-five years before, the she-bear | close his eyes forever until the great work shall depredated. be accomplished. Hawley, Ellicott, Eddy, Watson, and other of his associate-backwoodsmen of New York, who inspired Clinton with the idea and importance of such a work, and the zeal to use his private and official influence in prosecuting it to completion, have all passed away. The cities and villages along the canal are their monuments, upon which a generous posterity will yet inscribe their names and epitaphs. In 1810 Micah Brooks, Hugh M'Nair, and Mathew Warner, acted as State Commissioners for laying out a road to connect the Susquehanna with Lake Ontario; and a little later they were busy in surveying a route by which to connect the turnpike at Canandaigua with the Mississippi Valley, through the Alleghany River. When they were upon the site of Rochester, they slept upon straw and bear skins in the only house in the city, the log-cabin of Mr. Stone. Nathaniel Rochester, a brave patriot of the Some of the fine old forest trees which they Revolution, who served his country in the counblazed on the route of their surveys, are yet cil and in the field in North Carolina, became a standing in the groves of Mount Hope Ceme- resident of Western New York in 1810; and in tery, at Rochester, living monuments which 1812, in company with two others, procured speak of the progressive spirit and energy of from the Holland Land Company a hundredmany of those whose mortality slumbers beneath acre lot, at the Falls, for a settlement to be their shadows. General Brooks was one of the called ROCHESTER. The patriot became a researliest advocates, in public and private, of the ident of the village bearing his name in 1816, Erie Canal and other internal improvements; and lived there until his death, in 1831, when and in 1816 he offered a resolution in Congress the log-cabin of Mr Stone was surrounded by a to inquire "as to the expediency of establishing permanent population of eleven thousand people. a post-route from the village of Canandaigua, by In the very year when Rochester became joint way of the village of Rochester, to the village of proprietor of the wild tract, "inhabited only by Lewiston, &c. Nine years later he saw, not only musk-rats," pagan religious rites were celebrated, post-roads and frequent mails there, but a great where now is the centre of the city of Rochester. artificial river, bearing upon its bosom the vast There, in the winter of 1812 and '13, the Seneca soil-products of the West, and the manufactures Indians were quartered upon the ground now and merchandise of the East, flowing over the traversed by a portion of St. Paul's Street; and Genesee, near the original bridge. He lived in January, 1813, the "sacrifice of thanksgiving" ten years longer, and, at a public meeting in was celebrated for five days. The life of a white Rochester, then a city of almost twenty thou- dog was offered up at the door of the councilsand inhabitants, he lifted up his voice earnestly house, while separate bands of men and women, in favor of a great and immediate enlargement ornamented with feathers and trinkets, each holdof that mighty artery of inland commerce. Since ing an ear of corn, danced around the councilthen seventeen years have elapsed, and he still fire! Then the white dog was placed upon a lives, enjoying a ripe old age, and hoping not to sacrificial pile and consumed; the ceremonials ended; and henceforth the ground was dedicated the Niagara frontier, once a week on horseback, a part by Christian men to the uses of enlightened en In 1812, the mail was carried from Canandaigua to of the time by a woman. terprise and liberal institutions. In 1812 the population of Rochester was 15; in 1820 it was | ted a city. Now it contains a population of 1500; in 1830 it was 11,000; in 1840 it was 20,000; and now (1853) the number is about 40,000! The little log flour-mill of Ebenezer Allen, fifty years ago, has passed away; but in its stead, there are now twenty-two large mills, with one hundred runs of stone, capable of grinding more than twenty thousand bushels of wheat daily. Flour is the great staple product of Rochester; yet every other kind of business incident to a numerous and thriving population, is flourishing there; and the future growth of the city will doubtless exhibit a result as wonderful as that of the past. BUFFALO is the Child of Traffic! It is at the mouth of Buffalo Creek, at the outlet of the great chain of lakes whose waters, twenty miles below, make the leap of Niagara. Buffalo was originally laid out in 1801, by the Holland Land Company, upon a bluff or terrace, and partly upon the marshy ground between the high land and the creek. In 1813, it contained a few scattered houses, but no signs of even a respectable village appeared in the horoscope of its future. It was then made a military post, which invited a visit from the British and Indians on the frontier, with whom our people were then at war. They came in December, and laid every house in ashes, but two. Such was its condition and aspect two years afterward, when the artist made the above sketch of the port of Buffalo. When peace came, and there seemed a probability of the opening of a water communication with the Hudson from that point, enterprising men, with the old inhabitants, began earnest efforts there; and in 1817, one hundred houses had arisen from the ashes of the little hamlet of 1813. In 1822, it began to feel the prospective advantages of the completion of the Erie Canal, which was to terminate there. It was incorporated a village that year, and in 1832, twenty-one years ago, it was incorpora about fifty thousand. The marshes are drained and covered, and where, thirty-eight years ago the little Buffalo Creek wound its way into Lake Erie, along the low banks which were covered with trees and shrubbery, long lines of wharves, with forests of masts, and stately warehouses filled with merchandise and produce, now present themselves The aggregate of commercial operations, best illustrates the growth of this modern Tyre upon the American Mediterranean Seas: In 1852, there arrived at the port of Buffalo, nine hundred and twenty-nine sailing vessels, with an aggregate of one hundred and thirty-five thousand tons, and eight thousand eight hundred and fifty-one men and boys, as crews During the same period, a thousand and sixty-two sailing vessels left the port, with the same average amount of tonnage, and number of men and boys. The value of imports was, in round numbers. thirty-five millions of dollars; and the amount of duties collected was about seventy thousand dollars. This amount of imports is exclusive of the hundreds of thousands of dollars value in earth-products and merchandise brought by canal-boats and railway-cars. During the year, six steam-boats, nine propellers, and eight schooners, were built at Buffalo; and four steam-boats, of eighteen hundred tons burden each, one of six hundred and fifty tons, two propellers, four schooners, a brig, and a steam-tug, were in process of construction. There are twenty-eight steamers, thirty-one propellers, and one hundred and thirty-four sailing vessels, with an aggregate of fifty-six thousand five hundred and twentythree tons, now owned at Buffalo. During 1852 the value of exports from Buffalo, by the Erie Canal, was twenty-one millions fortynine thousand nine hundred and eight dollars, producing eight hundred and two thousand eight hundred and six dollars, in tolls. The |