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in, he beckoned him to kneel, and pray with him; and when allusion was made to the love of Christ, he suffused his pillow with his tears. Several days before this, he had been observed to be much in prayer. On one occasion he had asked that none of his acquaintances might be allowed to come into his room, as he wished to be alone with God. At noon that day his teacher, as he had much desired, brought with him the student who had preached at the Independent chapel that morning, and who was struck to find him so extremely exhausted. After a few remarks, he quoted John iii. 16. The sufferer appeared to be much interested, and said as audibly as he could, "Yes, Christ came from heaven to earth for our sakes; and oh, what he suffered in Gethsemane, and then upon the cross!" He was then told that Jesus was his best Friend, and asked if he was looking up to him. "Yes," he said, with interest," and had been some time.". Later on in the afternoon, the scholars of his class, and certain others who had sung for him before, came in company to see him, and to sing for him. He was glad to see them, lay still and calm, and appeared to them to be full of hope. The hymns which he approved of were those beginning with

"Come, let us join our cheerful songs;" and

"We sing of the realms of the blest ;" and though he could not aloud join them, he whispered the words with them with evident delight. As one of the teachers to whom he felt strongly attached knelt down by

his bedside, and offered up prayer, he, with an effort, moved his body so as to bring his ear close to the speaker. His own teacher followed, and those present observed how deeply interested he appeared to be in what was said. It was then suggested to him that as he was so very weak they should not remain longer; but he at once made known his wish that he should like, if it was not too much trouble, that they would sing one other hymn, and when asked, he named the one: ""Tis religion that can give

Sweetest pleasures while we live," &c. It was accordingly sung. His teacher then said that they would now take their leave, and asked him if there was anything that he wished to say to them at parting. He replied,

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Yes, tell them for me, for they cannot hear me, that I shall not be here long. I am fast going, and trust soon to be in heaven, and I hope," laying as much emphasis as he could, "that they will all follow me." He then asked him if he might say to them that he had found Jesus to be a Friend. "Yes," he said, with animation, "a Friend, a precious Friend, and a Saviour." Each then stepped forward, and shook hands with him; he looked affectionately at them, and parted from them with a smile. The scene was deeply af fecting; all but himself appeared full of emotion, and several were in tears.

In the evening his teacher, by his desire, came again to see him, but found him so much exhausted that he recommended him to try and compose himself to sleep. He

replied that he could bear up a little longer, and would be glad if he would read to him, and then, when asked what he would like, said, "Read me the chapter where it tells of Christ meeting Saul by the way." He afterwards remarked how precious the Bible had become to him.

The next morning found him still sinking. His sister-in-law coming into the room, he induced her to go over the three hymns with him which had been sung the previous afternoon. He appeared very happy while thus engaged, and was observed during the day to be much in prayer. In the evening his teacher found him so much prostrated as to forbid him to speak, but read to him several of the Psalms of David, which he most loved. He breathed heavily, and with much difficulty. His cough appeared as if it would suffocate him. His body was covered with a cold sweat, and at times he shook so much as to be perceived in the room below. He had lost all relish for food, and that evening his extremities became quite cold. He passed a restless night, and the morning of the next day, Tuesday, found him with a strong presentiment that that was to be his last. He was calm and resigned, and was mostly engaged in prayer. As a

DR.

friend came in, he with his hand signified his wish that he would again pray with him, and afterwards, in reply to a question, said, "I feel I am still going heavenward," spoke of the peace he felt in Jesus, and his anticipation of very soon being where he was. To the wife of that friend who inquired how he felt, and whether he was happy, he said cheerfully, "Yes, very happy! I wonder people can think so much of earth. I often look up to heaven, and think what a beautiful place it is, and that there Jesus is waiting to receive me." About two o'clock in the afternoon, he appeared deeply in prayer, and was overheard to mention the names of "God," "heaven," and "blessed Jesus," and continued in that state till a little before three o'clock, when he quietly breathed his last, and fell asleep in Jesus, being in the twenty-first year of his age.

The event furnishes a solemn appeal to all to prepare to meet their God. The Sabbath-school scholar is encouraged by it to make true religion his choice, and the Sabbath-school teacher to be prayerful and earnest in his work, and that God will own and bless those efforts put forth in his cause. Pendleton.

South Africa.

LIVINGSTONE'S TRAVELS.

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J. S.

Kawawa, rather an important personage in these parts. This village consists of forty or fifty huts, and is surrounded by forest. Drums

were beating over the body of a man who had died the preceding day, and some women were making a clamorous wail at the door of his hut, and addressing the deceased as if alive. The drums continued beating the whole night with as much regularity as a steam-engine thumps on board ship. We observed that a person dressed fantastically with a great number of feathers left the people at the dance and wailing, and went away into the deep forest in the morning, to return again to the obsequies in the evening. He is intended to represent one of the Barimo.

In the morning we had agreeable intercourse with Kawawa. He visited us, and we sat and talked nearly the whole day with him and his people. When we visited him in return, we found him in his large court-house, which, though of a beehive shape, was remarkably well built. As I had shown him a number of curiosities, he now produced a jug, of English ware, shaped like an old man holding a can of beer in his hand, as the greatest curiosity he had to exhibit. We had now an opportunity of hearing a case brought before him for judgment.

A poor man and his wife were accused of having bewitched the man, whose wake was now held in the village. Before Kawawa even heard the defence, he said, "You have killed one of my children. Bring all yours before me, that I may choose which of them shall be mine instead." The wife eloquently defended herself, but this availed little, for these accusations are the means resorted to by some chiefs to secure subjects for the slavemarket. He probably thought that I had come to purchase slaves, though I had already given a pretty full explanation of my pursuits both to himself and his people.

We exhibited the pictures of the magic lantern in the evening, and all were delighted except Kawawa himself. He showed symptoms of dread, and several times started up as if to run away, but was prevented

by the crowd behind. Some of the more intelligent understood the explanations well, and expatiated eloquently on them to the more obtuse.

I

Nothing could exceed the civilities which had passed between us during the day; but Kawawa had heard that the Chiboque had forced us to pay an ox, and now thought he might do the same. When, therefore, I sent next morning to let him know that we were ready to start, he replied in his figurative way, "If an ox come in the way of a man, ought he not to eat it? had given one to the Chiboque, and must give him the same, together with a gun, gunpowder, and a black robe, like that he had seen spread out to dry the day before; that, if I refused an ox, I must give one of my men, and a book by which he might see the state of Matiamvo's heart towards him, and which would forewarn him, should Matiamvo ever resolve to cut off his head.

Kawawa came in the coolest manner possible to our encampment after sending this message, and told me he had seen all our goods, and must have all he asked, as he had command of the Kasai in our front, and would prevent us from passing it unless we paid this tribute. I replied that the goods were my property, and not his; that I would never have it said that a white man had paid tribute to a black; and that I should cross the Kasai in spite of him. He ordered his people to arm themselves, and when some of my men saw them rushing for their bows, arrows, and spears, they became somewhat panic-stricken. I ordered them to move away, and not to fire unless Kawawa's people struck the first blow.

I took the lead, and expected them all to follow, as they usually had done, but many of my men remained behind. When I knew this I jumped off the ox, and made a rush to them with the revolver in my hand. Kawawa ran away amongst his people, and they turned their backs too. I shouted to my men to take up their luggage and

march. Some did so with alacrity, feeling that they had disobeyed orders by remaining, but one of them refused, and was preparing to fire at Kawawa, until I gave him a punch on the head with the pistol, and made him go too. I felt here, as elsewhere, that subordination must be maintained at all risks. We all moved into the forest, the people of Kawawa standing about a hundred yards off, gazing, but not firing a shot or an arrow.

It is extremely unpleasant to part with these chieftains thus, after spending a day or two in the most amicable intercourse, and in a part where the people are generally civil. This Kawawa, however, is not a good specimen of the Balonda chiefs, and is rather notorious in the neighbourhood for his folly. We were told that he has good reason to believe that Matiamvo will some day cut off his head for his disregard of the rights of strangers.

AFRICAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

The piano, named "marimba," consists of two bars of wood placed side by side, here quite straight, but, farther north, bent round so as to resemble half the tire of a carriage wheel; across these are placed about fifteen wooden keys, each of which is two or three inches broad, and fifteen or eighteen inches long; their thickness is regulated according to the deepness of the note required; each of the keys has a calabash beneath it: from the upper part of each a portion is cut off to enable them to embrace the bars, and form hollow sounding-boards to the keys, which also are of different sizes according to the note required; and little drumsticks elicit the music. Rapidity of execution seems much admired among them, and the music is pleasant to the ear. In Angola the Portuguese use the marimba in their dances.

AFRICAN ANIMALS.

One toss from a bull would kill the strongest lion that ever breathed. I have been informed that, in one

part of India, even the tame buffaloes feel their superiority to some wild animals, for they have been seen to chase the tiger up the hills, bellowing, as if they enjoyed the sport. Lions never go near any elephants, except the calves, which, when young, are sometimes torn by them. Every living thing retires before the lordly elephant, yet a full-grown one would be an easier prey than the rhinoceros. The lion rushes off at the mere sight of this latter beast.

KNOCKING OUT FRONT TEETH.

All the Batoka tribes follow the curious custom of knocking out the upper front teeth at the age of puberty. This is done by both sexes, and, though the under teeth, being relieved from the attrition of the upper, grow long and somewhat bent out, and thereby cause the under lip to protude in a most unsightly way, no young woman thinks herself accomplished until she has got rid of the upper incisors. This custom gives all the Batoka an uncouth, old-man-like appearance. Their laugh is hideous, yet they are so attached to it that even Sebituane was unable to eradicate the practice. He issued orders that none of the children living under him should be subjected to the custom by their parents, and disobedience to his mandates was usually punished with severity; but, notwithstanding this, the children would appear in the streets without their incisors, and no one would confess to the deed. When questioned respecting the origin of this practice, the Batoka reply that their object is to be like oxen, and those who retain their teeth they consider to resemble zebras. Whether this is the true reason or not it is difficult to say; but it is noticeable that the veneration for oxen, which prevails in many tribes, should here be associated with hatred to the zebra as among the Backwains; that this operation is performed at the same age that circumcision is in other tribes; and that here that ceremony is unknown. The custom is SO

universal that a person who has his teeth is considered ugly, and occasionally, when the Batoka borrowed my looking-glass, the disparaging remark would be made respecting boys or girls who still retained their teeth, "Look at the great teeth." Some of the Makololo give a more facetious explanation of the cus

tom; they say that the wife of a chief having, in a quarrel, bitten her husband's hand, he, in revenge, ordered her front teeth to be knocked out, and all the men in the tribe followed his example; but this does not explain why they afterwards knocked out their own.

The Sunday-School.

ELEPHANT HUNTING.

I HAD retired to make an observation among some rocks of laminated grit, when I beheld an elephant and her calf at the end of the valley, about two miles distant. The calf was rolling in the mud, and the dam was standing fanning herself with her great ears. As I looked at them through my glass, I saw a long string of my own men appearing on the other side of them, and Sekwebu carne and told me that these had gone off, saying, "Our father will see to-day what sort of men he has got."

I then went higher up the side of the valley, in order to have a distinct view of their mode of hunting. The goodly beast, totally unconscious of the approach of an enemy, stood for some time suckling her young one, which seemed about two years old; they then went into a pit containing mud, and smeared themselves all over with it, the little one frisking about his dam, flapping his ears, and tossing his trunk incessantly, in elephantine fashion. She kept flapping her ears, and wagging her tail, as if in the height of enjoyment. Then began the piping of her enemies, which was performed by blowing into a tube, or the hands closed together, as boys do into a key. They call out, to attract the animal's attention:·-"O chief! chief! we have come to kill you.

O chief! chief! many more will die besides you..

The gods have said it."

Both animals expanded their ears

and listened, then left their bath as the crowd rushed towards them. The little one ran forward towards the end of the valley, but seeing the men there, returned to his dam. She placed herself on the danger side of her calf, and passed her proboscis over it again and again, as if to assure it of safety. She frequently looked back to the men, who kept up an incessant shouting, singing, and piping; then looked at her young one and ran after it, sometimes sideways, as if her feelings were divided between anxiety to protect her offspring, and desire to revenge the temerity of her persecutors. The men kept about a hundred yards in her rear, and some that distance from her flanks, and continued thus until she was obliged to cross a rivulet. time spent in descending and getting up the opposite bank allowed of their coming up to the edge, and discharging their spears at about twenty yards distance. After the first discharge, she appeared with her sides red with blood, and, beginning to flee for her own life, seemed to think no more of her young.

The

I had previously sent off Sekwebu with orders to spare the calf. It ran very fast, but neither young nor old ever enter into a gallop; their quickest pace is only a sharp walk. Before Sekwebu could reach them, the calf had taken refuge in the water, and was killed. The pace of the dam gradually became slower. She turned with a shriek

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