7. If I can't pray, I will not make believe.- Longfellow.

8. There is always room for a man of force, and he makes room

9. Capital is not what a man has, but what a man is.

10. No fountain is so small that heaven may not be imaged on its bosom. - Hawthorne.

II. Even those who do nothing which a reasonable man would call labor imagine themselves to be doing something, and there is no one who would willingly be thought quite an idler in the world.

- Humboldt. 12. Honesty is the best policy," but he who acts on that principle is not an honest man. - Archbishop Whately.

13. He is not worthy of the honey-comb who shuns the hive because the bees have stings. — Shakespeare.

14.

15.

The busy world shoves angrily aside

The man who stands with arms akimbo set,
Until the occasion tells him what to do;
And he who waits to have his task marked out
Shall die and leave his errand unfulfilled.

The noblest men that live on earth,

Are men whose hands are brown with toil;
Who, backed by no ancestral graves,

Hew down the woods, and till the soil;

And win thereby a prouder name
Than follows king's or warrior's fame.

53. COÖRDINATE CONJUNCTIONS.

The members of compound sentences being coördinate (equal in rank), the conjunctions (Gr. 26, p. 43) used to unite them are called Coördinate Conjunctions. The coördinate conjunctions in most common use are and, or, nor, and but.

Many words usually and naturally adverbs are sometimes used to join grammatical structures of equal rank, and therefore become coördinate conjunctions. The most common ones are also, accordingly,

besides, consequently, else, furthermore, hence, however, likewise, moreover, nevertheless, only, otherwise, still, then, therefore, so, and yet.

When these words are used as conjunctions, and, or, nor, or but can be substituted for them or supplied before them without materially changing the meaning; as,

1. The day is warm; nevertheless (coörd. conj.) it is pleasant, may be changed to

The day is warm, but nevertheless (adverb) it is pleasant.

2. Be obedient, else (coörd. conj.) I will punish you, may be changed to

Be obedient or else (adverb) I will punish you.

3. He was determined, yet (coörd. conj.) he was quiet, may be changed to

He was determined, and yet (adverb) he was quiet.

54. MEMBERS OF COMPOUND SENTENCES RELATED IN THOUGHT.

Care should be taken not to unite unrelated thoughts in forming compound sentences, as has been done in the following:

A lot was cleared, a fence was built, and Lincoln addressed the people from the steps of the Capitol.

The fact stated in the last member of this sentence bears no relation to the part that precedes, and should be stated separately. (Comp. 50, pp. 280, 281.) Other examples of improper sentences are:

1. We went to cooking school on Friday, and Dewey captured Manila.

2. Grandfather lives on a farm; the train went very fast, and the day was pleasant, and Grandfather met us at the station. - From a School Exercise.

Exercise.

From the following sets of simple sentences form complex sentences, and then change each to a compound sentence. Tell the kind of connective used with each sentence formed.

EXAMPLE. The Coast Plain has many rivers. They afford good water power. Complex: The Coast Plain has many rivers, which afford good water power. The connective which is a relative pronoun. Compound: The Coast Plain has many rivers, and they afford good water power. The connective and is a coördinate conjunction.

1. All these rivers are navigable. They run almost parallel with one another.

2. We visited the great cathedral. There we saw the famous pictures by Rubens.

3. We stood in front of the tomb. The old guide told about the last resting place of the Washingtons.

4. We were in the steel works. We saw sheets of armor plate for the battleship" Pennsylvania."

5. The work is perplexing and difficult.

thick leather gloves.

6. The cat's away. The mice will play.

The workmen wear

TO THE TEACHER. Pupils should be given additional exercises in the analysis and synthesis of sentences, as the need of the class requires. Numbers 13, 29, and 52 of the Composition, pp. 238, 255, 282, and 283, will furnish good material for such drill. The sentences should be analyzed, and the complex and compound sentences resolved into simple sentences. The teacher may select simple sentences for the pupils to combine into complex or compound sentences.

55. SUMMARY OF THE SENTENCE.

STRUCTURE AND USE.

I. A Sentence is a thought completely expressed in words. In writing, a sentence is marked at its close by a period, an interrogation point, or an exclamation point.

2. The Elements of the sentence are Subject, Predicate, Complement, Modifier, and Connective.

Excepting the predicate and the connective, each of these five elements may consist of a word, a phrase, or a clause.

3. A Phrase is a group of words that does not contain a predicate and that is used to do the work of a single part of speech. (Gr. 41, p. 69.)

4. A Clause is a group of words that contains a predicate and is used to do the work of a single part of speech. (Gr. 41.)

5. According to its use or form, a sentence is Declarative, Imperative, or Interrogative; also, it may or may not be Exclamatory.

6. According to its structure, a sentence is Simple, Complex, or Compound.

7. A Simple Sentence is one that contains but one subject and one predicate. Either or both of these may be compound. (Gr. 50, p. 81.)

8. A Complex Sentence is one that contains one principal member and one or more clauses. (Gr. 51.)

9. A Compound Sentence is one that is made up、 of coördinate members. (Gr. 52.) The members, being equal in rank, are connected by coördinate conjunctions, expressed or understood.

10. A Coördinate Conjunction connects words or groups of words that are equal in rank, or are in the same grammatical construction.

II. A Subordinate Conjunction is one which, placed before a sentence, changes it into a clause, and, if the clause is a modifier, joins it to whatever is modified,

PUNCTUATION.

12. A sentence is punctuated according to its structure and use.

13. A Simple Declarative Sentence states or declares something, and, if not exclamatory, should be marked at its close by a period; if exclamatory, it should be marked by an exclamation point. Thus,

1. Man is a wonderful piece of work.
2. He seems to enjoy himself very much.
3. What a wonderful piece of work is man!
4. How he does enjoy himself!

14. A Simple Interrogative Sentence is one used to ask a question, and, if not exclamatory, should be marked at its close by an interrogation point. Thus,

5. Wasn't that music grand?

6. Doesn't he enjoy himself!

15. A Simple Imperative Sentence is used to express a command or an entreaty, and, if not exclamatory, should be marked at its close by a period. Thus,

7. Cling to thy home.

8. Cling to thy home! 9. Close the door.

10. Close the door quick!

11. Lead us to some far-off sunny isle.

12. Lead us to victory or to death!

13. Send for a physician.

14. Send for a physician at once!

16. A Complex Declarative Sentence states or declares something. It should be marked at its close by a period, by an exclamation point, or by the terminal mark of a direct quotation closing the sentence.

Thus,

15. The man asked whether your son was at home. 16. The man asked, “Is your son at home?"