Mála deagh, málá dátha, to roll.

Rudhagh, rustha, to grow.

Hushkagh, hushkitha, to wither.

Phashagh, phaktha, to ripen.

Bandbozh khanagh, bandbozh khutha, to plan, devise.

Charnagh, chartha, to graze. The transitive form is charainagh, charaintha.

Ma-i chakha khas-e-á drogh bastha, someone has lied against me (me-of on someone-by false has been fastened). Tha-i chakha khas-e-á drogh na bastha, no one has lied against you (thee-of on someone-by false not has been fastened). Ma-i chakha báwar na khan-en, do you not trust me (me-of on trust not thou makest)?

Tha-i chakha báwar peḍ na khanagh-án, I trust you not at all (thee-of on trust not at all I am making).

Go khas-e-a báwar na khanagh-en, you trust no one (with anyone trust not thou makest).

Tha-i saghar-a chí bitha, what has happened to your head (thee-of the head-to what has become) ?

Ma-na kátár sakhía mán-ákhta, I have been severely wounded with a dagger (me-to a-dagger severely has come).

E thán hand-a bitha, where did this happen (this what placein became) ?

Ma wath-i dighar-a nangar bahainagh-ethan, I was ploughing my land (I myself-of the-land was ploughing).

Do duz ákhto go má mirathagh-ant, two thieves came and fought
with me (two thieves having-come with me fought).
Má yak-e-ar túfak jatha, I shot one (me-by one was shot).
Túfak janagh, to shoot.

Thír án-hí saghar-a mán-ákhta, the bullet struck him in the head (the bullet him-of the head-in came).

Hand-a murtho khapta, he fell dead on the spot (the-placeon having-died he fell).

Guda chi bitha, what happened then (then what became) ?
Guda dumí-á phadátha, then the-other ran away.

Jathaghe mar thán hand-a en, where is the dead man (thestruck man what place-in is)?

Ham-odha waptiye yá drashk buna, he is lying there under a tree (even-there he is lying a tree under).

Shwá-í chi saláh en, what is your advice (you-of the-advice what is)?

QUESTIONNAIRE.

1. How many classes of pronouns are there? Name them. 2. Distinguish, in Balochí, between " I " and " by me ". 3. Put into Balochí: It is mine; no, it is yours.

4. Explain the formations mákhún, mákhathún, shwákheth, and shwákhathe.

5. When do you use tha-igh and shwá-ígh?

6. Explain the forms tho and shwi.

7. If there be no pronoun of the 3rd

translate "he", "she ", "it"?

person,

how would you

8. Translate into Balochí: What has happened to your hand? 9. Put into Balochí: The bullet struck him in the foot.

10. Translate into English: Zahm má-r manzúr en.

CHAPTER VII.

THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.

71. The proximate demonstrative in the nominative singular has three different forms, esh, e, i, meaning this, he, she, it, according to the context of the sentence, and the remote demonstrative one form, án, that, he, she, it. Both these pronouns can be intensified by the prefix ham or haw in any of the cases, singular or plural.

Obs. 1. The prefix ham is the Pársí, Pehleví, and Zend ham, and corresponds to the Sanskrit sam. It is of wide use in Urdú, Pakkhto, etc., meaning also, even, etc.

Obs. 2. As in Sindhí so also in Balochí, the personal pronoun of the 3rd person is now lost-if it ever existed. All that we meet with is the pronominal í, he, etc.; plural, ish, etc.

Obs. 3. In Persian the demonstratives in, this, án, that, with their plurals ín-há, án-há, take the place of a 3rd personal pronoun.

Obs. 4. This in was at one time im. (Cf. im-sál, this year.)
Obs. 5. The emphatic forms in Persian are ham-ín and ham-án.

72. Before a word beginning with a vowel the forms e and í are not used. In such cases esh, ham-esh, haw-esh, are made use of, according to the needs of the sentence: e.g., thaí túfak esh en, this is your gun; tha-í túfak ham-esh en, this, and no other, is your gun.

73. The form í, this, he, she, it, is sometimes made nasal : e.g., man in rosh-án, nowadays; man in hál-a, in this case, under these circumstances. This form is not shown in the paradigm given below it is emphatic, not a separate form.

74. The declension of the pronouns, as will have been seen, closely resembles that of the noun. In the case of esh, this, the resemblance is nowise violated. The nominative plural is formed by the simple addition of án to the nominative singular; in the genitive singular there are the endings í and ía; and in the genitive plural the substantival suffix ání is joined to the stem. The guttural suffixes ígh, etc., are probably never heard.

75. The dative and accusative cases singular are alike, and have three forms to choose from, íar, íára, and ía. The form esh-íar is that most generally heard, especially in the case of the dative: ar (ár) is pre-eminently a datival ending. In the plural also these two cases are the same, and are formed by adding ánra to the stem, or, we might say, by adding ra to the nominative case plural.

76. There is no difference between the locative and ablative cases singular: both end in ía, in short a. The locative,

agentive and ablative cases plural are alike and the same as the nominative plural. The agentive singular ends in íá, in long á. In no case can short a represent the agentive case in noun or pronoun.

Obs. 1. Not too much stress should be laid on the short final a; the long final á should be clear and distinct; when pronouncing it there should never be any doubt left as to its presence. The difference between the two sounds is clearly brought out in the case of ma, I, and má, by me. Obs. 2. The dative and accusative esh-iar will sometimes be heard pronounced esh-íár.

Examples of the proximate demonstrative pronoun :-
Inna, ham-esh ma-igh en, no, this is mine. Nom. sing.
Esh-i máth ba-kho shutha, where has its mother gone (it-of
the mother to where has gone)? Gen. sing.

Esh-iar chikhtar zar dátha-í, how much money has he given to him (him-to how-much money has been given by-him)? Dat. sing.

Esh-iar b-il de, áñ-híar hundí-khan, let this one go, get hold of that one (this-one leave, give, that-one take hold of). Hundi-khanagh, to take care of, take hold of, look after. Acc. sing.

Esh-í-á chikhtar dán drushta, how much grain has he ground (him-by how-much grain has been ground)? Ag. sing. 'sh-esh-ía drázh ath, it was longer than this (than-this long it

was). 'sh-esh-ía is for ash esh-ía, or, azh esh-ía, than this. It should be pronounced as one word. Abl. sing.

Thí bar-e esh-ánra wám na de-án, I will not lend to them a second time (another time them-to credit not I will give). Dat. plur.

Rosh-e-a esh-ánra gind-án, I shall be even with them some day (some-day them I will see). The sentence is idiomatic. Acc. plur.

7. The remote demonstrative is án, that, he, she, it. This stem is found in all the cases singular and plural. As in the case of esh, this, the prefixes ham and haw are used to intensify its meaning, in any of the cases, singular and plural.

Obs. Dames has án or ánh in the nominative case singular. The aspirate can hardly influence the nasal.