Sumb janagh, sumb jatha, to bore a hole.

Shishkagh, shikhta, to plait.

Khashagh, khashta, to pull out.

Chikagh, chikitha, to pull.

Kutiragh, kutirtha, to clip.

Báz bíagh, báz bitha, to abound.

Chamburagh, chamburtha, to be glued together.

Sindagh, sistha, to smash.

Khard biagh, khard bitha, to be separated.

Bor-jor khanagh, bor-jor khutha, to break in pieces.

Gosh deagh, gosh dátha, to listen.

Kumaki deagh, kumakí dátha, to assist.

Ma zahr na giragh-án, I am not becoming angry (I anger not am taking).

Sáhib-á zahr gipta, master became angry (the-master-by anger was taken).

An-híá

go zahr-a gwashta, he spoke angrily (him-by in anger it was spoken).

Bráth-ání wájha rosh gwázenagh-ant, they pass the time like brothers (brothers-of like the-day they are passing).

Shaf ham-edha gwázen-án, I shall pass the night here (the-night even-here I shall pass).

Sai rosh chacho gwázen-ún, how shall we spend three days (three days how shall we spend)?

Shaf ham-edha bí, he will spend the night here (the night even-here he will be).

Dag níáñwán án-híar gálí bí, he will overtake him on the way (the-road on him-to meeting he will be).

Wath-i ambráh-ar án-hí randa shasht, send your servant after him (yourself-of the servant him-of after send).

An ma-í saláh asta, that was my intention (that me-of theintention was).

Tha-í nokar-á azh ravagh-a jawab dátha, your servant has refused to go (thee-of the-servant-by from going reply has been given).

Án gushagh-e ma mundo na rav-án, he says that he will never go (he says I never will go).

Án-hí bráth dí gushagh-e ma peḍ na rav-án, his brother also declares he will not go (him-of the-brother also says I never will go). Mundo na and ped na mean "never", "not at all ". The latter is the more generally used. It is also the more emphatic.

Ma thewaghe hál sahí bithagh-án, I know the whole matter (I the-whole matter informed have become).

Án-hiar ravaghi bí, he will have to go (him-to going will be). Siwá ravagh-a thí saláh hachi n-en, there is nothing for it but to go (except going-of other counsel any not is).

Án tha-ra phallav deagh-e, does he offer you any excuse (he thee-to excuse is giving)?

Hachí phallav na deagh-e, he offers no excuse (any excuse not he is giving).

Asula ganokh bí, he must be an out and out idiot (a-real fool he will be).

Chughli-khanokh-ání gwashtí-a báwar ma khan, do not trust backbiters (backbiters-of the-word trust not make).

QUESTIONNAIRE.

1. What is the usual place of the adjective in the Balochí sentence? Are there any exceptions?

2. How does the use of the adjective in Balochí compare with the Persian construction?

3. How do you account for the presence of the letter e in sharr-e zál? How is it pronounced?

4. Does this e ever become an infix? Give an example.

5. What are the rules for the formation of the comparative and superlative degrees?

6. Put into Balochí: He is exceedingly clever; it is heavenly.

7. Translate into Balochí: Seventy-three; thirty-six; fourfold; one-fourth.

8. How are the ordinals formed? Give three examples. 9. Put into Balochí: Give them five rupees each.

10. Translate into English: Án zahr giragh-e.

CHAPTER VI.

THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

58. The pronouns may be classified as Personal, Demonstrative, Relative, Correlative, Interrogative, Indefinite, Reflexive, and Pronominal. All are defective, and all to some extent irregular. The suffixes used are those in use with the noun, in some instances slightly modified.

In the following paradigms those forms that are in most general use have been placed first.

59. The stem or nominative form of the 1st personal pronoun is ma, and from it all the other cases are made up.

It has no

suffix, and no nasal ending except when it precedes a word beginning with a vowel. It may then become man, or even man: e.g., tha-í zál man án, I am thy wife (thee-of the-wife I am). Its pronunciation is always full and clear, as if written mah. It should never be slurred. Its true sound appears to lie between that of man and mah, between a final nasal ǹ and a final h.

60. The nominative plural is the nominative singular with the vowel lengthened, ma, I, becoming má, we. This má is now the stem for the plural, and appears in all the other cases.

Obs. 1. It has been suggested that before ún, are, and athún, were, parts of the substantive verb, the letters kh are added to má, we. The supposition is entirely erroneous. The letters kh belong to the verb, not to the pronoun (141). Examples are má kh-ún ná-duráh, we are ill; má kh-athún ná-duráh, we were ill. These should not be written mákh-ún and mákh-athún.

Obs. 2. The Persian pronoun of the 1st person is man, I; ma-ra, me, to me; má, we.

61. The genitive singular has three different suffixes to choose from, í, ní, and igh, and the genitive plural two, í and igh. The ní suffix of the genitive singular is never used in the genitive plural of the 1st person: the root or stem of the plural is má throughout.

62. The form in most general use is ma-í. It precedes its noun. The form ma-ní generally follows the noun it qualifies. It is usually reserved for use in petitions: e.g., bráth ma-ní, tha-í kághádh gwar má ákhta, my brother, I have received your letter (brother mine, thee-of the-paper to me has come). The forms ma-igh and má-ígh are used predicatively by themselves: túfak ma-ígh en, the gun is mine (the-gun me-of is); logh-án má-ígh ant, the houses are ours (the-houses us-of are). This tendency of the possessive form ending in ígh to be used predicatively has already been noticed in the case of the noun. As regards the pronoun, it is loosely observed in all those classes that affect this ending.

63. The dative and accusative cases singular are alike, and are formed by the simple addition of the suffix na to the stem ma.