Thosainagh, thosaintha, to cause to be extinguished; to

exterminate.

Telán deagh, telán dátha, to push, shove.

Thír janagh, thir jatha, to shoot an arrow.

Tárí janagh, tárí jatha, to clap the hands.
Dang janagh, dang jatha, to sting.

Chapol janagh, chapol jatha, to slap.

Dil janagh, dil jatha, to vomit.

Dag janagh, dag jatha, to rob on the highway.
Dápurá janagh, dápurá jatha, to stamp.

Dak janagh, dak jatha, to solder.

Dighár janagh, dighár jatha, to dig.

Daf-a janagh, daf-a jatha, to boast.

Ma thagi khan-án ki ma duz án, I shall pretend to be a thief (I pretence shall make that I a-thief am).

Chorav-á thagí khutha ki ma janikh-e án, the boy pretended to

be a girl (the-boy-by pretence was made that I a-girl am). Thagi ma khan ki ma-na kal n-en, do not pretend that you do

not know (pretence not make that me-to information not is). The direct mode of narration is always preferable; in most cases it is obligatory.

Go má phajía ne-y-á-en, will you not come with me (with me with not you will come)?

K

Go thau phajía be-y-á-án, I will come with you (with thee with I will come). More usually, however, it is be-y-án.

Nariyán-ar zen band-án, may I saddle your horse (the-horse-to the-saddle may I fasten)?

Má tha-í mádhin-ar zen bastha, I have saddled your mare (me-by thee-of the-mare-to the-saddle has been fastened). Makht-a nariyán-ar zen bandagh-e tha, he was saddling his horse at the time (the-time-at (his) horse-to the-saddle he was fastening).

Mizil-án gir-ána gir-ána daryá-e-a ákhtagh-ún, after travelling for some considerable distance we came to a river (stages taking taking a-river-at we arrived).

Mizil-án gir-ána gir-ána juz-ún, let us go on stage by stage (stages taking taking let us go).

Án-hi pith di murtho shutha, his father also has died (him-of the-father also having-died has gone).

Án-hi pith murtho khapta, his father fell dead (him-of thefather having-died fell).

Án-hí pith ma phira murtho khapta, his father fell dead on the spot (him-of the-father on the spot having-died fell). Thau pha chi e-r'g-a khutha, why have you acted in this manner (thee-by for what this-way-in has it been done)? Aulá án-hí nám Muhammad bitha, guda Ahmad bitha, at first he was called Muhammad, then he came to be known as Ahmad (first him-of the-name Muhammad became, then Ahmad it became).

Thau wath-í bráth-a go gandagh-e kár-a khutha, you have behaved badly towards your brother (thee-by thee-of thebrother with bad work has been done).

Án wath-i pith-a go gandagh-e kár khanagh-e, he is behaving badly towards his father (he himself-of the father with bad work is doing).

Zí ná-duráh athen, were you ill yesterday (yesterday ill were you)?

Zí ná-duráh ne-y-athán, I was not ill yesterday (yesterday ill not I was).

Án ba-kho nishtagh-ant, where did they live (they where sat) ? Án daryá kharagh-a nindagh-ant, they dwell on the bank of the river (they the-river-of the bank-on sit).

QUESTIONNAIRE.

1. State what you know of the passive voice in Balochí. 2. Show, by examples, how the infinitive of the passive voice is formed.

3. Put into Balochí: He may be burnt; you may be carried away; I may be killed; they will be caught.

4. How is the present imperfect tense of the passive voice formed? Give an example of this. Is there more than one method?

5. Translate into Balochí: He is carried away; you are burnt; they are killed.

6. Translate into English: Jathiyant; basthiyen; sokhtiyún. 7. Explain and give the English meanings of: Janíjíthán; jathiyethen; dirthaghethán.

8. In how many forms is the past imperfect of the passive voices found? Give an example in each case.

9. Put into Balochí: We shall start to-morrow, and go on stage by stage.

10. Translate into English: Ma thagi na khanagh-án; má thagí na khutha; janikh-e-á thagí khutha ki ma chhorav án.

CHAPTER XIV.

COMPOUND VERBS.

167. Balochí compounds are in reality verbal combinations rather than true compound verbs as we know them. The best known of these may be, for the sake of lucidity, classified as potentials, completives, continuatives, intensives, inceptives, nominals, frequentatives, permissives, and desideratives. Their names are perhaps all that is formidable about them.

of

168. The potential compound is made up of the past participle any transitive verb with the various tenses and persons of the verb khanagh, to do: e.g., shwá ma-na dítha khan-en, can you see me? Má tha-ra ditha na khan-án, I cannot see you. The last member of the construction denotes the ability or inability to do that which has been indicated or expressed by the first member.

169. In this construction the final short vowel a of the past participle is sometimes dropped: e.g., má díth na khutha, I could not see (it); án-híá khuth na khutha, he could not do it.

Obs. 1. The idea of using the conjunctive participle in place of the past participle in this formation appears to be incorrect. It is heard used, however.

Obs. 2. The construction ma ravagh-a ne-y-án is not potential at all. Its literal meaning is, I am not of going. It is in imitation of our old Urdú friend main jáne ká nahin, I am not of going, I am not the person to go, catch me going. It is a useful and highly idiomatic construction, but it is not potential. The form ravagh-a is the genitive case of ravagh. Compare this idiom with the Sindhí: achana tá na jiho, then he is not likely to come.

Obs. 3. In this combination khanagh can, of course, be compounded with its own past participle: e.g., má khuth na khutha, I was unable, I could not, I could not do (it).

Examples of the potential compounds :

E rang-a khutha na khan-ant, they cannot do so (this manner done not they may do).

Μά go thau siyálgírí khutha na khan-ún, we cannot compete with you (we with thee equality made not may make).