XXXIX. ANALYSIS-ENLARGED PREDICATE. 1. A Complete Verb forming the Predicate of a Sen tence is enlarged by 1. An Adverb. 2. An Adverbial Phrase. ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. The horse ran swiftly. [Enlargement by an Adverb.] 2. Great men lived during the Revolution. [Enlargement by an Adverbial phrase.] 2. A Noun used as the complement of an Incomplete Verb may be enlarged by an Adjective word or by an Adjective phrase. Thus: 1. The rain has injured the growing crops. Here the Noun crops, which is the complement, or object, of the Incomplete Verb injured, is enlarged by the Adjective word growing. 2. The Egyptians embalmed the bodies of their dead. Here the Noun bodies, the object of embalmed, is enlarged by the Adjective phrase, of their dead. 3. We passed a shepherd tending his sheep. Here the Noun shepherd, object of passed, is enlarged by the Adjective phrase, tending his sheep. Model of Analysis. 1. "The army advanced rapidly." This is a Simple Sentence. The Subject is, the army-not enlarged. The simple Predicate is, advanced. The Predicate is enlarged by the Adverb rapidly. 2. "A spirit haunts the year's last hours." The simple This is a Simple Sentence. The Subject is, a spirit. Predicate is, haunts the hours. The complement of haunts is the Noun hours. It is enlarged by the Adjective words year's and last. 3. "The sloth, in its wild state, passes its life on trees." This is a Simple Sentence. The simple Subject is, the sloth. The Subject is enlarged by the Adjective phrase, in its wild state. The simple Predicate is, passes its life. The Predicate is enlarged by the Adverbial phrase, on trees. Exercise 37. A. ANALYZE the following SIMPLE SENTENCES: 1. Rich men should give liberally. 2. The horn of the hunter is heard on the hill. 3. My dear mother will soon be here. 4. The squirrel eyes askance the chestnuts browning. 5. Heaven from all creatures hides the book of fate. 6. Some birds of prey, having secured their victim, fly with it very swiftly to their nests. B. In the following sentences, ENLARGE the Predicate by means of Adverbs, Adverbial phrases, or both. MODEL.-"We go to swim." Enlarged-"We often go to swim in the river." 1. We go to swim. 2. The moon shines. 3. They learn their lessons. 4. The American soldiers fought. 5. James wrote a letter. 6. It is pleasant to watch the stars. 7. We took shelter. 8. The fire burns. 9. Bees gather honey. 10. The microscope shows us animalculæ. 11. Birds fly. 12. Fishes swim. XL. REVIEW OF PUNCTUATING SIMPLE SENTENCES. 1. The comma and the terminal mark (period, point of interrogation, and point of exclamation) are the only marks used in punctuating Simple Sentences. The Terminal Mark. 2. Close a Declarative Sentence with the period, an Interrogative Sentence with the interrogation-point, and an Exclamatory Sentence with the point of exclamation. It is cold to-day. Is it cold to-day? The Comma. RULE I.-Words of the same class in a series, taken individually or in pairs, are separated by commas. "The calm, cool, resolute man presented a noble example of daring." "Russia exports wheat, tallow, flax, and hides." NOTE.-But two co-ordinate words, joined by and or or, are not to be separated. RULE II-A Phrase, unless very closely connected with the word to which it belongs, is to be marked off by a comma. 1. "In spite of all difficulties, they resolved to make the attempt." 2. "The Indian monarch, stunned and bewildered, saw his faithful subjects falling around him." But in the sentence, "Our house is beautifully situated about three miles from town," the phrase, about three miles from town, is too closely joined in construction to be separated by a comma. RULE III.-In a succession of Phrases, each Phrase is to be marked off by a comma. "At daybreak, the combined fleets were distinctly seen from the Victory's head, formed in a close line of battle ahead, on the starboard tack, about twelve miles to leeward, and standing to the south." RULE IV. -Adverbs like HOWEVER, INDeed, thereFORE, etc., being equivalent to Phrases, are generally marked off by commas. "The story, however, was pronounced untrue." "No man, indeed, is always happy." RULE V.-Words or Phrases in Apposition are marked off by commas. "James Watt, the improver of the steam-engine, was a native of Greenock." "Washington, commander-in-chief of the American army, won the battle of Trenton.” Exercise 38. PUNCTUATE the following Simple Sentences: 1. Washington was blessed with a sound understanding an intrepid spirit a benevolent heart 2. In our present advanced state it is a disgrace not to be able to write good English 3. In carrying a barometer from the level of the Thames to the top of St Paul's Church in London the mercury falls half an inch marking an ascent of about five hundred feet 4. How sad how dreary how desolate is this scene 5. Is it not pleasant in the morning to brush the dew upon the upland lawn 6. Milton the author of "Paradise Lost" was blind 7. The signal being given the fleet weighed anchor 8. The grocer sells tea coffee sugar and spices 9. On the rich and the eloquent on nobles and princes the Puritans looked down with contempt XLI. REVIEW OF MAKING SIMPLE SENTENCES. 1. In the previous Lessons we have learned all that goes to make up a Simple Sentence. 2. A Simple Sentence contains but a single statement, and therefore it can have only one Subject and one Predicate. 3. A Sentence, however, may be Simple, and still contain a great many words. This is because the simple Subject-the Noun-may be enlarged by words and by phrases, and the simple Predicate-the Verb-may be enlarged in the same way. "Birds fly." This is a Simple Sentence in its barest form. "Some birds of prey, having secured their victim, fly with it very swiftly to their nests." This is still a Simple Sentence, but both Subject and Predicate are enlarged by words and phrases. 4. By way of practice and review, we shall now have an exercise in building up Simple Sentences. Separate Statements......... Combined..... 1. A balloon is a bag. 2. It is a thin bag. 3. It is a light bag. 4. It is made of varnished silk. 5. It is generally shaped like a globe. 6. It is filled with a fluid lighter than common air. A BALLOON IS A thin,(2) light(3) BAG, made of varnished silk,(4) generally shaped like a globe, (5) and filled with a fluid lighter than common air.(®) { In the combined form, this is a Simple Sentence, for the reason that it contains but one Subject, "a balloon," and one Predicate, "is a |