XXXVII. ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES.

1. A Simple Sentence makes a single statement, by means of one Subject and one Predicate.

2. The Analysis of a Simple Sentence consists in pointing out the Subject and the Predicate, and the enlargement or enlargements, if any, of the Subject and of the Predicate.

3. The simple Subject of a Simple Sentence may be→ 1. A Noun; 2. A Pronoun; 3. A Phrase.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

1. Gold is a metal. Walking is good exercise.

The Subject of the first sentence is the Noun gold; of the second, the Noun walking.

2. We hear the music.

The Subject is the Pronoun we.
3. To walk is good exercise.
The Subject is the Phrase, to walk.
4. Fishing for trout is fine fun.

The Subject is the Phrase, fishing for trout.

Select the Subjects in the following Simple Sentences, and tell in regard to each if it is NOUN, PRONOUN, or PHRASE:

1. The snow fell heavily.

2. Writing letters was her daily occupation.

3. We are brothers.

4. To forget an injury is the mark of a noble mind.

5. That day I oft remember.

6. Books are not dead things.

4. The simple Predicate of a Simple Sentence will be either

1. A Verb by itself-if the Verb is a Complete Verb.

2. A Verb and its complement-if the Verb is an Incomplete Verb.

NOTE.-All Transitive Verbs, that is, Verbs expressing an action that passes over to an object, are Incomplete. Their complement is

called the OBJECT.

The Verb be, and a few Verbs that contain the sense of the Verb be, as become, seem, feel, etc., take, as their complement, either an Adjective (called Predicate Adjective), or a Noun (called Predicate Nominative).

5. In the sentence, "Birds sing," the Verb sing is the Predicate; sing is a Complete Verb; that is, it makes full sense by itself.

6. In the sentence, "Columbus discovered America," the simple Predicate is, discovered America. The Verb discovered alone does not form the Predicate, because "Columbus discovered" does not make complete sense. Discovered is an Incomplete Verb.

7. "The sky is blue." Here the bare Predicate is, is blue. The Verb be is an Incomplete Verb.

8. When the Verb is an Incomplete Verb, the Predicate consists of the Verb and whatever word is necessary to fill out its sense.

In the following sentences, point out the simple PrediTell whether the Verb is Complete or Incomplete; and if Incomplete, tell what is its Complement.

cates.

1. The sun shines.

2. I like flowers.

3. He wishes to go.

4. Napoleon was chosen emperor.

5. The vessel sailed yesterday.

6. Glass is transparent.

Model of Analysis-Simple Subject and Predicate.

1. "The birds sing."

This is a Simple Sentence, because it contains only one Subject and one Predicate. The Subject is the Noun birds. The Predicate is sing.

2. "You are scholars."

This is a Simple Sentence, because it contains only one Subject and one Predicate. The Subject is the Pronoun you. The Predicate is, are scholars. Are is an Incomplete Verb, and scholars is its complement.

3. "To lie is disgraceful."

This is a Simple Sentence, because it contains only one Subject and one Predicate. The Subject is the Phrase to lie. The Predicate is, is disgraceful. The Verb is is Incomplete, and the Adjective disgraceful is its complement.

4. "The fisherman brought a lobster."

This is a Simple Sentence. The Subject is the fisherman. The Predicate is, brought a lobster. The Incomplete Verb brought has for its complement the object "lobster."

Exercise 35.
A.

ANALYZE the following sentences:

1. Waters ripple. 2. Washington fought. 3. Elizabeth was queen. 4. The dog fights. 5. Faust invented printing.

6. Steel tarnishes.

7. To die for one's country is sweet. 8. Art refines. 9. Music soothes. 10. To forgive is divine. 11. We know him. 12. Charge!

B.

Write a SIMPLE SENTENCE, containing a simple Subject and Predicate, on each of the following subjects.

done, analyze the sentences.

When

XXXVIII. ANALYSIS-ENLARGED SUBJECT.

1. A Noun, the simple Subject of a Simple Sentence, may be enlarged by

1. An Adjective word.

2. An Adjective phrase.

2. An Adjective word may be

An Adjective; as, "bright skies;" "some books."
A Possessive Noun; as, "the sun's rays."

A Noun in Apposition; as, "Alexander, the coppersmith."

3. Adjective phrases are generally introduced by Prepositions or by Participles. Thus:

1. Men of renown. [Phrase introduced by a Preposition.]

2. The balloon, filled with gas, floated up in the air. [Phrase introduced by a Participle.]

Model of Analysis.

1. "Heavy rain falls."

This is a Simple Sentence. The simple Subject is rain. The Subject is enlarged by the Adjective heavy. The bare Predicate is falls. It is not enlarged.

2. "John's book is torn."

This is a Simple Sentence. The simple Subject is book. The Subject is enlarged by the Adjective word John's, in the Possessive Case. The Predicate is, is torn.

3. "The study of history improves the mind."

This is a Simple Sentence. The simple Subject is study. The Subject is enlarged by the Adjective word the, and by the Adjective phrase, of history. The Predicate is, improves the mind.

4. "Sailing across the Atlantic, Cabot reached Labrador."

This is a Simple Sentence. The simple Subject is Cabot. The Subject is enlarged by the Adjective phrase, sailing across the Atlantic. The Predicate is, reached Labrador.

Exercise 36.
A.

ANALYZE the following Simple Sentences, according to the previous model:

1. Great men are rare.

2. The huntsman's horn awoke the echoes.

3. Franklin, the philosopher, was an American.

4. Many friends of my youth have perished.

5. The army, having crossed the Potomac, entered Maryland. 6. Exhausted by fatigue, we lay down.

7. The little bird's song is sweet.

B.

In the following sentences, ENLARGE the subject by means of Adjective words, Adjective phrases, or both.

MODEL.-"The bridge spans the river." Enlarged-"The great iron bridge, built by a skillful engineer, spans the river."

1. The bridge spans the river.

2. The mechanic repaired the engine.

3. Snakes infest the country.

4. Milton wrote "Paradise Lost.'

5. Birds fly.

6. The fox stole the hens.

7. Bees gather honey.

8. Music soothes.

9. The fire burns.

10. The day is passed. 11. Humboldt is dead. 12. Books please me.

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