THE ELEMENTS OF DEDUCTIVE LOGIC |
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abstract terms according admit affirmative already animals appears application argument attributes become bodies called cause CHAPTER character circumstances classification collective combination common term conclusion connotation consequently course deductive defined definition denied denoted distinct distinguish divided division effect employed equal event evidence example experience express fact fallacy figure genus given heat Hence human important individual inductive inference instances invariably kind knowledge known language latter laws less Logic major means Method mind moods nature necessary negative Note noticed object observation occur original particular phenomenon plants points position possible predicate premisses present principle probably produced proposition question reasoning reference regarded relation respectively result rules scientific sense simply singular speak species student sufficient supposed syllogism taken theory things third thought tion triangles true truth universal various
Popular passages
Page 130 - If two or more instances of the phenomenon under investigation have only one circumstance in common, the circumstance in which alone all the instances agree, is the cause (or effect) of the given phenomenon.
Page 110 - The quantity of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a pound of water...
Page 20 - ... be blanched by the sun, whereby the yellowness is destroyed, and whiteness made to exist in its room. In which, and the like cases, the power we consider is in reference to the change of perceivable ideas. For we cannot observe any alteration to be made in, or operation upon anything, but by the observable change of its sensible ideas; nor conceive any alteration to be made, but by conceiving a change of some of its ideas. 2. Power active and passive. Power thus considered is twofold, viz. as...
Page 19 - THE Mind, being every day informed, by the Senses, of the alteration of those simple Ideas, it observes in things without; and taking notice how one comes to an end, and ceases to be, and another begins to exist, which was not before; reflecting also on what passes within it self, and observing a constant change of its Ideas, sometimes by the impression of outward Objects on the Senses...
Page 173 - Subduct from any phenomenon such part as is known by previous inductions to be the effect of certain antecedents, and the residue of the phenomenon is the effect of the remaining antecedents.
Page 183 - Whatever phenomenon varies in any manner whenever another phenomenon varies in some particular manner, is either a cause or an effect of that phenomenon, or is connected with it through some fact of causation.
Page 160 - If two or more instances in which the phenomenon occurs have only one circumstance in common, while two or more instances in which it does not occur have nothing in common save the absence of that circumstance, the circumstance in which alone the two sets of instances differ is the effect, or the cause, or an indispensable part of the cause, of the phenomenon.
Page 285 - ... importance to those who desire to originate just and comprehensive views concerning the structure of our globe. Now Werner had not travelled to distant countries ; he had merely explored a small portion of Germany, and conceived, and persuaded others to believe, that the whole surface of our planet, and all the mountain chains in the world, were made after the model of his own province.
Page 339 - But commonwealths are not physical but moral essences. They are, artificial combinations ; and in their proximate efficient cause, the arbitrary productions of the human mind. We are not yet acquainted with the laws which necessarily influence the stability of that kind of work made by that kind of agent.
Page 179 - Many of the new elements of chemistry have been detected in the investigation of residual phenomena. Thus Arfwedson discovered lithia by perceiving an excess of weight in the sulphate produced from a small portion of what he considered as magnesia present in a mineral he had analyzed.