Anchi dinibkan-dyo?

Padok e panchalchingan tayo.

Ngaran niai.

Sadiai e kuan-me
Akniim nin iai.
Ag-ka-nin.

Isapám e uyon-mo.

Dakbáoim iai.
Ukasim iai.

Ikadot-mo múan.

Twai kanin-ko?

Inakas ammo chi chalan.

Guara sun sikáto.

Aneng e achum.

Inai-arágui e kaet-me.

Aragui nin ale?

Aragui ne ootik.

Anchi chanum? Pian-ko aninom.

Guarà ammo'd daspag.

Kagadi pangala ne chanum.

Inabdé kame, mansalching kita.
Pabaanes-mo-ak ne atak.
Aknim-ak ne dukto.

Twai kurábis?

Guara balei a okipan?

Guarai abong bengat.

Manapui-ka sai mandutu.

Manumkal-ka ne saxei a manok.

Ikuan mo'n andao ale.

Kal'dyo amin.

Painom-mo e kabadyo.

Ipastol-mo e kabadyo.

Atngim-mo sun sikáto.

Have you forgotten nothing?

We shall make the river our resting

place.

What is this called?

This we call . . .

Just take hold of this.

Wait a moment.

Put your load down.

Open this (by lifting the lid).

Untie this.

Bundle it up again.

Where is my provender?

It seems to have fallen down on the

road.

He has got it.

The others are not yet here.

Our companions are a long way off.
Is it still far?

It is not very far.

Is there no water? I want to drink.
There seems to be some below.

Be so kind as to have some water
brought.

We are tired; let us rest.
Lend me your knife.1

Give me a sweet potato.
Where are the matches?
Is there a house to sleep in?
There is only a hut.
Light a fire for cooking.
Buy a chicken.

Tell him to come here.
Come here all of you.

Water the horse.

Put the horse in the pasture.
Help him.

WRITING AND POPULAR SONGS

It is doubtful if the Ibaloi Igorot ever had a system of writing. No trace of any is nowadays to be found among them. There are handed down to us the characters of the neighboring Ilocano and Pangasinan which these tribes, like others of the lowlands, abandoned, together with their customs and religious beliefs, after the arrival of the Spaniards, whose culture they have ever since striven to adopt in a progressive spirit. The Igorot tribes are, however, distinct from the former inasmuch as they are older arrivals on Philippine soil and have

The knife, after being used, would be handed back silently, no equivalent for "thank you" being in use. On rare occasions siged, agik="well done, my brother"-or a like expression is heard.

retained their national or tribal peculiarities. They either did not bring the art of writing with them or they forgot it-perhaps with other manifestations of a former higher culture-because of the physical hardships they had to undergo when pushed by subsequent Malayan invaders into the inhospitable mountain fastnesses of the interior.

For what it may be worth I reproduce here as accurately as possible the sample of ancient writing given by Sinibaldo de Mas in his Informe Sobre el Estado de las Islas Filipinas en 1842 (Madrid, 1843).

<OP.S.7@ L.V.LIW.A.

FIG. 1.-An unidentified inscription engraved on a board and found in the mountains
inhabited by Igorot people in 1837 by a military expedition. (Same size as
given by Sinibaldo de Mas; size of original is not known.)

On this he observes: "To this class of alphabets (Ilokano, Batangas, Pampanga, Bulacan, and Tondo) seems to belong the inscription (see fig. 1) engraved on a board that was found in 1837 by a military expedition in the mountains inhabited by the savages called Igorrotes.' While unable to improve on this dubious discovery, I am glad to be able to give two bits of Igorot singing and thereby to contribute a trifle to the preservation of genuine Filipino music.

The Ibaloi is, in a way, rather fond of singing. Wandering through his silent woods he will unburden his heart by singing some low, melodious strain, the plaintive sound of which reveals the melancholy underlying the Malayan character. Again, at some festival, sitting with others around the fire, he will, in less harmonious tones and between frequent sips of rice wine, chant incidents of his family life to his assembled relatives and friends, who at intervals chime in in chorus. until another, being alluded to, takes up the song in like manner. Many a time, as a guest on such occasions, have I laid myself down to sleep on some deerskin only to find the next morning the same party still droning out their confidential communications, though rather the worse for a night during which the cocoanut shell with rice wine had been kept constantly going around.

With this habit it is not to be wondered at that particularly stirring incidents of Igorot life should become the common property of young and old and, clad in more harmonious form, survive as popular ballads. The best known of these is one in which a young girl relates the cruel treatment suffered at the hands of her stepmother; her furtive flight to Kaiapa, a district adjoining Benguet, where she becomes the wife of a Spanish officer; her subsequent good fortune, and refusal ever to return to her home.