and 27° N. lat., and between 88° and 89° E. long., bounded | Dinan, which are in considerable repute for affections of on the north by Rungpore and Purneah, on the east by the liver. Rungpore and Mymunsingh, on the south by Mymunsingh and Rajishahy, and on the west by Purneah and Boglipore. The form of the district is triangular, the base being to the south; its greatest length from south to north is 105 miles, and its extreme breadth from east to west is 82 miles. A survey was made of the district in 1808 by Dr. Francis Buchanan, and its area was then found, to comprise 5374 quare miles, made up as follows: Rivers, tanks, water-co'rses, and marshes Light coloured clay 353 381 38 2441 2161 5374 The principal rivers by which the district is intersected are the Teesta, the Mahananda, and the Korotoya. During the rainy season, which usually sets in about the middle of June, and lasts for four months, these and many smaller tributary streams admit the passage of boats to almost every village in the district. The population of Dinan, in 1832, was 8044: the inhab ants are engaged in an extensive trade in cider, beer, hem flax, honey, wax, butter, tallow, skins, cattle, and horseThere are salt-works, and manufactures of linen yarz. linen, cotton, flannel, shoes, and hats. The river is n gable, at high water, for boats of a considerable size up : Dinan; and the canal of the Ille and the Rance joins the river just above the town, opening a water communicats-2 with Rennes and the interior of Bretagne. The country round is fertile in corn and flax. This town is the capital of an arrondissement which es tained, in 1832, a population of 111,739. DINANT, a very old town in the province of Namar about 12 miles south of the city of Namur, in 50° 15′ N. Ist, and 4° 54' E. long. It is situated on the right bank of the Maas on a narrow strip between that river and a high rock Part of it is on some islands in the Maas. The summit f this rock is defended by a strong fort. The popular a amounted in 1830 to 4337. The town contains several sai refineries, four mills for sawing marble, some quarries e! which are worked in the neighbourhood, several grist mis paper-mills, breweries, and tanneries. Dinant forme contained many extensive coppersmiths' works, but branch of industry has almost entirely disappeared. A siderable quantity of gingerbread is made in the town: sent to different parts of the kingdom. The surface of the country is undulating, but the greatest inequality of surface does not exceed 100 feet. The soil is generally light, and the principal cultivation being rice, the success of the harvest depends mainly upon the quantity of rain. Hemp, sugar, indigo, and a small quantity of cotton, Dinant is conjectured to have taken its name from a are also cultivated, the first in order to prepare from its buds temple dedicated to Diana, which once stood on the sp and leaves an intoxicating drug: several other fibrous In 559 it was enumerated among the possessions of plants are cultivated for the purpose of making cordage. Bishoprick of Liege. In 870 it came into the possession ? The horses and oxen bred in Dinagepore are of very poor Charles the Bald. In the 12th century the town was for degenerate kinds; the former, which are not larger than fied and considered a place of great strength. In 14 ponies, may be bought at various prices from 2 to 6 rupees Dinant was taken by the army under Philip the Good, ar, (4s. to 12s.) each. Tigers, bears, wild-buffaloes, and wild-given up to pillage during three days. On this occas1d hogs are very troublesome to the cultivators of land; the 800 of the inhabitants were tied back to back and thro buffaloes and hogs run about in large herds, and commit into the Maas, and their houses were burnt. In 1534th: great havoc in the fields. Otters are also very numerous, town was taken and pillaged by the French, and again as well as the common porcupine. Wild water-fowl of 1575 after a siege of eight days. At the treaty of Rysunk various kinds are also seen in large flocks; the common it was restored to the Bishop of Liege, but was again tak wild-goose is most abundant, and is considered good eating. by the French in the war of the revolution, and constitut The natives also eat some kinds of lizards; but the chief the chief place of an arrondissement in the department «: part of the animal food consumed in this district consists of the Sambre and Meuse. It was occupied by the allies fish, which is so abundant that during the periodical 1813. Dinant is on the high road between Namur s inundation of the rice fields great numbers of small fishes Givet. (Van der Maelen's Dictionnaire Géographique de. are taken in them, and on the subsidence of the water province de Namur.) many are left behind in the mud, and are taken wi any trouble. t The principal towns are Dinagepore, the capital; Malda; Gour; and Raygunge ; besides which the district contains a great number of villages. The whole population of Dinagepore was estimated by Dr. Buchanan in 1808 at 3,000,000 since that time it is believed that the numbers have somewhat increased. About seven-tenths of the inhabitants are Mohammedans, and the remaining three tenths Hindus. The district was formerly much infested by Dacoits or gang-robbers, but owing to the vigorous measures adopted by the English government in 1814 the evil was greatly checked, and has since entirely ceased. Dinagepore, the capital of the district, is situated in 25° 37 N. lat., and 88° 43′ E. long., about 100 miles N.N.E. from Morshedabad. The houses, computed at about 5000 in number, are mostly of a mean description, little better than huts; a few dwellings of European residents are large and commodious, but without any architectural beauty. The population of the town is computed at 30,000. (Buchanan's Statistical Survey; Report of Committees of House of Commons, 1832.) DINAN, a town in France, in the department of Côte du Nord, on the slope of a hill on the left bank of the river Rance, a few miles above the mouth, 199 miles west, or west by south, from Paris in a strait line, or 220 miles by the road through Dreux, Alençon, Mayenne, Fougères, and Dol; in 48° 27' N. lat., and 2° 4′ W. long. Dinan was in the middle ages the occasional residence of the dukes of Bretagne, who had here a castle, which still remains: antient ramparts of the town are standing, and are of vast height and thickness. The church contains the heart of the Constable du Guesclin. There are extensive and pleasant public walks and a concert-room. In a valley, a short istance north of the town, are the chalybeate waters of DINARCHUS, (Aeivapyos), one of the ten Greek orates for the explanation of whose orations Harpocration conpiled his lexicon. Dinarchus was a Corinthian by birt who settled in Athens and became intimate with Thephrastus and Demetrius the Phalerian, a circumstatu which combined with others enables us to determine his 12 with tolerable precision. Dionysius of Halicarnassus fixhis birth about the archonship of Nicophemus, B. c. 3. The time of his highest reputation was after the death." Alexander, when Demosthenes and other great orators wer dead or banished. He seems to have got his living writing speeches for those who were in want of them, and carried on apparently a profitable business this way. Are the garrison which Cassander had placed in Munychia t been driven out by Antigonus and Demetrius [ATFEYS p. 18] in the archonship of Anaxicrates, B.C. 307, Dinarchis though a foreigner, being involved in a charge of conspir... against the democracy, and having always been attac to the aristocratical party, and perhaps also fearing that s wealth might be a temptation to his enemies, withdrew Chalcis in Euboea. Demetrius afterwards allowed him t return to Athens with other exiles, in the archonship Philippus, B.C. 292, after an absence of fifteen years. "O". his return Dinarchus, who had brought all his money ba à with him, lodged with one Proxenus, an Athenan, friend of his, who, however, if the story is true, proved t be a knave and robbed the old man of his money, er :: least colluded with the thieves. Dinarchus brought action against him, and for the first time in his life m his appearance in a court of justice. The charge aga.ni Proxenus, which is drawn up with a kind of legal formalı 1 is preserved by Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Of them.m ous orations of Dinarchus only three remain, and they not intitled to very high praise. One of them is aguas Demosthenes touching the affair of Harpalus. [Drx $ THINES] Dionysius has taken great pains to distingusa the spurious from the genuine orations of Dinarchus. Of his genuine orations he enumerates 28 public orations and 31 private. This critic has passed rather a severe judgment on Dinarchus. He considered him merely as an imitator of Lysias, Hyperides, and Demosthenes, and though succeeding to a certain extent in copying the several styles and excellencies of these three great orators, yet failing, as all copiers from models must fail, in that natural expression and charm which are the characteristics of originality. The few facts that we know about Dinarchus are derived from the Commentary of Dionysius on the Attic orators and the extracts which he gives from Philochorus. The three extant orations of Dinarchus are printed in, the usual collections of the Attic orators. DINDIGUL, a district in the Carnatic, bounded on the north by Coimbatore and Trichinopoly, on the east by the Bay of Bengal; on the south by Travancore and Tinnevelly, and on the west by Travancore and Coimbatore. The district is for the most part mountainous and woody, and the general surface of the country is 400 feet above the level of the sea. The Dindigul valley, inclosed by the Pilny mountains on the north, by the Travancore mountains in the west, by a range of hills on the east which extend from the town of Dindigul in the north to Sheragurry in the south, and on the south by the western ghauts, is a level tract of country 75 miles long from north to south, by about 20 miles broad. The district, is watered by the Vyaur or Vaygaroo river, which rising at the base of the Alligherri hills south of the town of Dindigul, passes close to Madura, traverses the zemindaries of Shevagunga and Ramnad, and is almost wholly absorbed in a large tank about 20 miles south of Tondi, a considerable part of its waters having been previously diverted for the purposes of irrigation: except when the floods are more than usually great the bed of the river is altogether dry below Ramnad. The climate of Dindigul is reckoned much superior to that of most other parts of the south of India, the heat being much tempered by the showers caused by the interception of the clouds by the mountains, while in the cold season the thermometer seldom or never falls below 65°. The district was ceded to the English by Tippoo in 1792, and together with Madura, the Manapara pollams, Ramnad and Shevagunga has since been formed into a collectorate under the Madras presidency. The population of this collectorate was ascertained in 1822 to amount to 601,293 persons. The population of Dindigul alone has not been stated for a later period than 1811 when it amounted to 295,654 persons. Dindigul the capital of the district is situated in 10° 18′ N. lat., and 75° 2' E. long.: 198 miles from Seringapatam and 275 miles from Madras, travelling distances. The town is clean and neat and contains about 7000 inhabitants. DINEMOURA. [PŒCILOPODA.] DINETUS, a genus of Hymenopterous insects, of the section Fossores. [LARRIDE.] DINGLE, a corporate town on a bay of the same name, in the barony of Corcaguinny and county of Kerry, in Ireland; distant from Dublin 164 Irish or 208 English miles. The limits of the corporation embrace a circuit of two Irish miles by land and sea, measured from the parish church. The antient name was Dangan-I-Cushy, or the fortress of Hussey, an adventurer of English descent, to whom one of the family of Destnond granted the tract of country on which the town stands. The name has been corrupted to Dangan-I-Couch and Dingle-I-Couch, in which latter form it is still commonly used. During the latter end of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth century, Dingle enjoyed a considerable traffic with Spain, from which large quantities of wines and spices were annually imported here in return for its exports of tanned hides, Irish friezes, woollen stockings, salt beef, butter, and salmon. The town was erected into a corporation by Queen Elizabeth in 1585, at which time it sent members to the Irish parliament. About the same time it was walled in; but the walls being built of clay mortar, from the difficulty of procuring lime, soon fell to decay. It is now governed by charter of the 4th of James I. The corporation consists of sovereign, twelve burgesses, and an unlimited number of freemen. There are neid a Tholsel court, court of conscience, and petty sessions one a fortnight; but the quarter-sessions which were forerly held here have been removed to Tralee, a distance of 27 miles, which is said to be productive of some incon venience. The town has an antique appearance. Some of the old houses are in the Spanish taste, with stone balconies, &c.. and several bear date as early as the reign of Elizabeth. The vaults of the old castle built by Hussey were standing in 1780, and used as the town-gaol. The parish church, dedicated to St. James, is said to have been built at the charge of the Spanish who frequented the port; it was a large structure, but is now much decayed. The residence of the proprietor, the knight of Kerry, is the principal modern building, attached to which are some well laid out gardens. A new bridewell has lately been built here. There are also a market-house and small barrack. The town is not lighted or watched; the streets, roads, and bridges are repaired by county presentments, and the duties of a police are performed by a portion of the constabulary force of the county. The harbour, a land-locked creek on the northern side of the great æstuary called Dingle Bay, is capable of floating vessels of 300 tons up to the town, and is pretty well protected from the westerly winds which prevail on this coast. From the difficulty however of distinguishing the entrance, vessels bound for Dingle in a westerly gale run a risk of going to leeward on the dangerous shoals of Castlemain harbour at the head of the estuary. In 1765 a sum of 10007. was voted by the Irish parliament in aid of the building of the quay. The town has improved very much within the last twenty years, although the linen trade, which formerly flourished here, has declined. The chief trade is an export of butter and corn to Liverpool. The foreign trade is confined to a single vessel. Average coasting tonnage for Great Britain, inwards, 550 tons; outwards, 500 do.; for Ireland, inwards, 200 tons; outwards, 100 do. Population in 1821, 4538; do. in 1831, 4327: decrease in 10 years, 211. Total population within the limits of the borough in 1831, 9329. In the parish of Dingle there were, in 1834, 5 schools, educating 284 males and 106 females; of these two were small free schools. (Smith's History of the County of Kerry; Reports of the Commissioners on Municipal Corporations, Ireland, &c.) DINGWALL. [Ross, SHIRE OF.] DINOPS. [CHEIROPTERA, vol. vii., p. 26.] DINOTHE'RIUM, a genus of gigantic extinct herbivorous mammifers established by Professor Kaup. The remains have been found most abundantly at Epplesheim in Hesse Darmstadt, in strata of sand referrible to the second period of the tertiary formations (Miocene of Lyell). Fragments are noticed as occurring also in several parts of France, Bavaria, and Austria, by Cuvier, who, from the resemblance of their molar teeth to those of the tapirs, at first considered the animals to have been an enormous species of the last-named genus. We select as an example Dinotherium giganteum, the largest species yet discovered, and which is calculated both by Cuvier and Kaup to have attained the length of eighteen feet. The bones of the head and the teeth are the principal remains hitherto found. A scapula in form resembling more nearly that of a mole than any other animal, is the principal bone of the body yet found, and this shoulder blade has been considered as indicating a peculiar adaptation of the fore-leg to the purposes of digging. In the autumn of 1836, an entire head of the animal was disinterred at Epplesheim, measuring about four feet in length and three in breadth, of which Professor Kaup and Dr Klipstein have given figures and a description*. It will be seen from the cuts (which are copied from the works of Dr. Kaup and those of Drs. Kaup and Klipstein), as well as from the casts in the British Museum, that though the form of the molar teeth approximates to that of the tapirs, the tusks placed at the anterior extremity of the lower jaw and curved downwards somewhat after the fashion of those in the upper jaw of the Walrus, exhibit a remarkable deviation from this part of the dental formula in any other known animal, whether living or fossil. With this is combined a form of the lower jaw itself, which can not but arrest the attention of every observer. Dr. Buckland, in the first edition of his Bridgewater Treatise, published before the appearance of the memoir of Dr. Kaup and Dr. Klipstein, giving figures and a description of the entire head, but after the publication of Dr Kaup's earlier publication,-when adverting to the mammalia of the miocene period of Lyell, observes, that the Beschreibung und Abbildungen von dem in Rheinhessen aufgefundenen colossalen schedel des Dinotherii gigantei mit geognostischen Mittheilungen über die knochenfürhenden Bildungen des mittelrheinischen fertiärbeckens von Dr. J. J. Kaup, & Dr. A. v. Klipstein. 4to., Darmstadt, 1836. Portions of the skull of the same; a, posterior part of the skull seen fr below, showing the occipital condyle and foramen, &c. &c.; b,.roof of month and molar teeth; the interval between the rows widening from ber backwards. second, or miocene system of tertiary deposits, contains a admixture of the extinct genera of lacustrine mammai of the first or eocene series, with the earliest forms. genera which exist at the present time. This admixture he adds, was first noticed by M. Desnoyers, in the maria. formations of the Faluns of Touraine, where the remains Palæotherium, Anthracotherium, and Lophiodon, whe were the prevailing genera in the eocene period, are fou mixed with bones of the Tapir, Mastodon, Rhinocer Hippopotamus, and Horse. These bones are fractured and rolled, and sometimes covered with flustra, thus giving dication of having been derived from carcases drifted in: an estuary or sea. Similar admixtures, continues D Buckland, have been found in Bavaria and near Darmstad and many of these animals also indicate a lacustrine, swampy condition of the regions they inhabited. One of them (Dinotherium giganteum) is stated to have attained eighteen feet in length and to have been the largest of a terrestrial mammalia yet discovered, exceeding even the largest fossil elephant. In this view of the subject, it becomes of importance to see what were the remains which were found in the strata of sand at Epplesheim near Altzey, about twee leagues south of Mayence, in company with those of the Dinotherium Dr. Kaup in his 'Description d'ossemens fossiles (Darmstadt, 1832), gives the following number of species:-Dinotherium 2; Tapirus 2; larger than living species. Chalicotherium (allied to Tapirs) 2; Rhinoceros 2; Tetracaulodon (allied to Mastodon) 1; Hippotherium (allied to Horse) 1; Sus 3; Felis (some as large as a Lion) 4; Machairodus (allied to Bear, Ursus cultridens); Gulo (Glutton) 1; Agnotherium (allied to Dog, but as large as a Lion) 1. Dr. Buckland in the work and in the edition above quoted, after giving a description of the tusks of the Dinotherium, thus proceeds, 'I shall confine my present remarks to this peculiarity in the position of the tusks, and endeavour to show how far these organs illustrate the habits of the extinct animals in which they are found. It is mechanically impossible that a lower jaw, nearly four feet long, loaded with such heavy tusks at its extremity, could have been otherwise than cumbrous and inconvenient to a quadruped living on dry land. No such disadvantage would have attended this structure in a large animal destined to live in water; and the aquatic habits of the family of Tapirs, to which the Dinotherium was most nearly allied, render it probable that, like them, it was an inhabitant of fresh-water lakes and rivers. To an animal of such habits, the weight of the tusks sustained in water would have been no source of inconvenience; and, if we suppose them to be employed as instruments for raking and grubbing up by the roots large aquatic vegetables from the bottom, they would, under such service, combine the mechanical powers of the pick-axe with those of the horse-harrow of modern Lusbandry. The weight of the head, placed above these downward tusks, would add to their efficiency for the service here supposed, as the power of the harrow is increased by loading it with weights. The tusks of the Dinotherium may also have been applied with mechanical advantage to hook on the head of the animal to the bank, with the nostrils sustained above the water, so as to breathe securely during sleep, whilst the body remained floating at perfect ease beneath the surface: the animal might thus repose, moored to the margin of a lake or river, without the slightest muscular exertion, the weight of the head and body tending to fix and keep the tusks fast anchored in the substance of the bank; as the weight of the body of a sleeping bird keeps the claws clasped firmly around its perch. These tusks might have been further used, like those in the upper jaw of the Walrus, to assist in dragging the body out of the water; and also as formidable instruments of defence. The structure of the scapula already noticed seems to show that the fore leg was adapted to co-operate with the tusks and teeth, in digging and separating large vegetables from the bottom. The great length attributed to the body would have been no way inconvenient to an animal living in the water, but attended with much mechanical disadvantage to so weighty a quadruped upon land. In all these characters of a gigantic, herbivorous, aquatic quadruped, we recognize adaptations to the lacustrine condition of the earth, during that portion of the tertiary periods to which the existence of these seemingly anomalous creatures appears to have been limited.' tion of the cranium and the deep depression there visible will strike the observer as very remarkable; and we find that Professor Kaup has, in his restoration of the animal, furnished it with a considerable proboscis, and given its general form as a good deal resembling that of the tapir. [Restoration of Dinotherium giganteum.] Dr. Buckland, in the supplementary notes to his second edition, has the following notice, with a reference to p. 135. The Dinotherium has been spoken of as the largest of terrestrial mammalia, and as presenting in its lower jaw and tusks a disposition of an extraordinary kind, adapted to the peculiar habits of a gigantic herbivorous aquatic quadruped.' The Dr. then alludes to the entire head found in 1836, and thus proceeds: Professor Kaup and Dr. Klipstein have recently published a description and figures of this head, in which they state that the very remarkable form and dispositions of the hinder part of the skull show it to have been connected with muscles of extraordinary power, to give that kind of movement to the head which would admit of the peculiar action of the tusks in digging into and tearing up the earth. They further observe that my conjectures (p. 138) respecting the aquatic habits of this animal are confirmed by approximations in the form of the occipital bone to the occiput of Cetacea; the Dinotherium, in this structure, affording a new and important link between the Cetacea and the Pachydermata. Dr. Buckland, in this second edition, gives a copy of the profile of the entire head and of the restoration. This head has been exhibited at Paris, and seems to have excited great interest among the French zoologists; for we find in the Journal des Débats' of the 21st of March in the present year (1837) that at the sitting of the Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris on the day before, M. de Blainville read a note detailing his particular views of the position which the animal held in the animal series-views which, it is there stated, were adopted both by M. Duméril and M. Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. These views are detailed in L'Institut' of the 22nd of March; and the subject is so interesting, that we here present them to the reader, more especially as they are so much at variance with the restoration, a copy of which is above given. 'M. de Blainville read a note on the fossil head of the Dinotherium giganteum, recently exhibited at Paris by MM. Kaup and Klipstein. According to M. de Blainville, the Dinotherium constituted a genus of mammifers of the family of the Dugongs and Lamantins, which family makes a part of the order or of the degree of organization named by the last-mentioned zoologist Gravigrades, on account of their heavy progression, and of which the first family is formed by the Elephants. The following were the grounds stated for this opinion. In his description of the figures of the remains of Dinotherium in the same work, Dr. Buckland observes that they were found in a sand-pit containing marine shells at Epplesheim, near Altzey, about forty miles north-west of He Darmstadt, where they are preserved in the museum. adds, that bones of Dinotherium have lately been found in tertiary fresh water limestone, near Orthes, at the foot of the Pyrenees; and with them remains of a new genus allied to rhinoceros; of several unknown species of deer; and of a dog or wolf, the size of a lion. The following conclusion terminates the note appended to the description in Dr. Buckland's first edition: From the near approximation of this animal to the living tapir, we may infer that it was furnished with a proboscis, by means of which it conveyed to its mouth the vegetables it raked from the bottom of lakes and rivers by its tusks and claws. The bifid unAs regards the teeth, the molars, five in number on eacn gual bone (Kaup, Add., table 11), discovered with the other remains of Dinotherium, having the remarkable bifurcation side of each jaw, have their crown squared and deeply trawhich is found in no living quadrupeds, except the Pan-versed by two transverse elevations, the same as in the golins, seems to have borne a claw, like that of these animals, possessing peculiar advantages for the purpose of scraping and digging; and indicating functions concurrent with those of the tusks and scapulae.' Upon referring to the view of the skull of Dinotherium giganteum seen from above, the width of the anterior por Lamantins. But as this character occurs also in the Tapirs and Kangaroos, and even in the Lophiodons, it would be far from sufficient for deciding the question, if it were not joined with the absence of false molars and canines (a formula which produces a considerable space between the first molar and the incisors), and with the number and form of these last, which entirely resemble small tusks; only they are implanted at the extremity of the lower jaw, and are directed downwards. Whether or no there existed a pair of incisors in the upper jaw, is an uncertain point, the two extremities of this jaw, which have been found, being more or less truncated. It may, however, be inferred, from the enlarged and thick form of a fragment found some years ago, that it is possible that the animal might have had upper incisors, but smaller than those below: perhaps only rudimentary. As to the form of the head and its parts, it corroborates what the dental system had established. In fact, the occipital condyles are entirely terminal, or in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the head, as in the lamantins and the cetaceous edentata, modified for existence in the water. The occipital surface is large, subvertical, and even inclined from before, backwards, with a profound mesial depression, for the insertion either of a very strong cervical ligament or powerful muscles for the elevation of the head, and the basilary part of the skull is narrow in its component parts, while the syncipitofrontal region is, on the contrary, very flat, very wide, as in the lamantins and dugongs, overplumbing the temporal fossa, which is extremely wide and extremely deep, indicating enormous levator muscles for the lower jaw, not only for the purpose of mastication, but adapted besides for the particular action of that jaw, with its rake-like incisor teeth. This disposition of the temporal fossa is perfectly in harmony with the zygomatic arch, which is wide, thick, robust, and complete, as far as may be inferred from the portion which is broken, but which nevertheless offers the articulating surface of the corresponding bone, exactly as in the lamantins: perhaps, however, without the great enlargement which may be remarked at the jugal apophysis of the temporal bone in the latter. The orbit is, as in the animals last named, very small and lateral, but very largely open in the zygomatic fossa. The auditory aperture is small, narrow, and rather oblique from below upwards. The face is wide and flattened, prolonged and enlarged a little, as in the Cetacea, anteriorly. It presents in its middle a very large aperture, the composition of which it has not been possible to study on account of the position of the head, which is upside-down, but which aperture, though evidently wider and greater than that of the dugong, has evidently the greatest analogy to what exists in that animal. The posterior orifice of the nasal cavity is, on the contrary, very narrow. The sub-orbital hole is very considerable, but even less, perhaps, than it is in the dugong. With regard to the lower jaw, that again exhibits the greatest analogy to that of the dugong, from the manner in which its branches are curved downwards towards the anterior third part of their length; only, that of the dinotherium being armed at its recurved extremity with a tusk, the ascending ramus offers, in its width and its condyle, which is as transverse as in the carnivora, a concordant disposition; so that the only motions permitted should be those of elevation and depression, as in those animals. The ethmoid surface of the temporal bone, also, is, as it were, a portion of a hollow transverse cylinder, with an apophysary lamina, having an extremely strong ridge "une lame apophysaire.d'arrêt extrêmement forte." "With this element (says M. de Blainville) we may regard it as nearly beyond doubt that the Dinotherium was an animal of the family of the Lamantins, or Aquatic Gravigrades, its proper position being at the head of the family, preceding the Dugong, and consequently preceded by the Tetracaulodon, which ought to terminate the family of the Elephants. In a word, the animal, in our opinion, was a Dugong with tusk-incisors. We must, then, suppose that it had only one pair of anterior limbs, with five toes on each. As to the supposition that the animal was provided with a trunk, which might be presumed from the great nasal opening, the enlarged surfaces which surround it, and the size of the suborbital nerve, as far as it may be judged of from the size of the suborbital hole, we believe that that is at least doubtful, and that it is more probable that these dispositions bear relation to a considerable development of the upper lip and the necessary modification of the nostrils in an aquatic animal, as is equally the case dugong. We think even that the upper lip, by se development, embraced the lower one, and ven the base of the tusks, and that the lower fficiently small, as may be presumed from the (trous mentonniers). After this, it is easy to perceive that, of the two principal opinions which have been broached and discussed concerning this singular a mal, we are much further from considering it a great spe cies of Edentata, near the sloths, with Dr. Kaup, than fr considering it as a tapir, as G. Cuvier did, from an examnation of the molar teeth, the only parts then known L fact, there is in our opinion much less distance, in th natural method, between a dugong and a tapir, than be tween a dugong and a sloth." In this note M. de Blainyne has not taken into consideration that the head of the D... therium, as well as a phalanx which was found in the same locality, are referred by Professor Kaup to the same aniria. but M. de Blainville does not believe that this phal really belonged to the Dinotherium. "In fact (says he, M. Lartet found with these same phalanges a portion of i tooth, which evidently indicates a great pangolin." 66 At the end of the reading, M. Duméril rose to confirm the views of M. de Blainville. He insisted particularly a the transversal form and great extent of the condyle of the lower jaw and of the articular fossa destined to receive He much regretted the loss of the zygomatic arch, the bases of which only remain on the jugal and temporal bones. The curvatures of this arch," said he, "wo... have given ideas of the volume and force of the mass. and temporal muscles, which must have been considerate It would be important to know them to compare them w those of the Lamantin on one side, and on the other w the Megatherium, whose skeleton is at Madrid. W regard to the phalanges, which are believed to be those the Dinotherium, they are certainly analogous to those i the Sloths; but in the Lamantin, the ungual phalar which is in fact a double pulley with a mesial projection the base, offers at its other extremity a single point with a sort of hood (capuchon) below: that is to say, inverse to that which is found in the great species of cats (Felis), tổ very different from those of the Sloths and the Ant-eaters In this statement there is one position that is rather sta gering; and, indeed, we cannot but think it probable that M. de Blainville has not been quite accurately reports He is made to observe that the articulation of the jaw is such that the only motions permitted should! those of elevation and depression, as in the Carmirra. Now that with true grinding teeth, like those of the D therium, the jaws should be limited to the motions of eleve tion and depression, so admirably fitted for working cutting edges of the scissor-teeth of the Carnivora, a almost inconceivable. We shall wait with some an for the arrival of the head in this country, when we st... be able to ascertain whether there be not a convex eminer anterior to the transverse depression or glenoid cavity for the condyle, indicative of a horizontal motion of the as backwards and forwards, a mode of operation which we be well adapted to the transverse ridges of enamel on . molar teeth of Dinotherium. Without venturing to any opinion as to the true position of this interesting g in the animal series till an opportunity has been affords of examining the skull itself, we may be permitted to oiserve, that the evidence on which M. de Blainville is stat to have rested for the cetaceous character of Dinotherus appears to us to be rather meagre, and hardly sufficient to warrant the conclusion. DIOCESE, (toirnou, dioikésis, literally administration') in the time of Constantine and afterwards was used to designate one of the civil divisions of the empire, but it is now used only in reference to ecclesiastical affairs. A diocese s a district over which the authority of a bishop extends. li is equivalent to BISHOPRICK. Since the articles BISHOP and BISHOPRICK were writter, a change has taken place in the diocesan divisions of England. The bishoprick of Bristol no longer exists. The county of Dorset, which, with the city of Bristol and a smal district around, formed the diocese, is distributed betwee the sees of Salisbury and Exeter. The city of Bristol is annexed to the diocese of Gloucester, and the bishop f Gloucester is henceforth to be called bishop of Glouce and Bristol. The former number of bishopricks being this reduced, a new diocese has been formed for a new bish whose style is the bishop of Ripon. This diocese cotists s of the town and borough of Ripon and all such parts of deaneries of the Ainsty and of Pontefract as adjac western boundaries of the liberty of the Ansty and of 1* Wapentake of Barkston Ash, Osgoldeross and Stameres, and all that part of the county of York, which now forta |