The negation not is ordinarily expressed by ne before the conjugated part of the verb and pas after it.

Je n'ai pas vu, I have not seen.

Exercise.

1. Avez-vous les grammaires? 2. Je n'ai pas les grammaires, mais j'ai les crayons et le papier. 3. Nous n'avons pas vu les maisons. 4. Il n'a pas fermé les fenêtres, mais il a fermé les portes. 5. Ai-je pris la plume? 6. Vous n'avez pas pris la plume, mais vous avez pris le crayon. 7. Avezvous trouvé les enfants? 8. Qui a acheté les maisons? 9. Qu'avez-vous acheté ? 10. Elle a fermé le tiroir.

2. He has closed the

1. They have bought the houses. doors. 3. He has also closed the windows. 4. We have not seen the pencils. 5. The children have taken the ink; they have not taken the water. 6. She has found the children. 7. Has the man closed or opened the windows? 8. Have you taken the pens or the pencils? 9. Have they bought the tables and the chairs? 10. Have you bought the small or the large pens? Have I the grammar?

11.

12. Have they closed the books? 13. Has the woman seen the rooms? 14. Has she taken the paper or the

pen

?

1. Qui a ouvert la

3. Qu'avez-vous pris?

Oral Drill.

fenêtre ? 2. Qui a écrit une lettre? 4. Avez-vous fermé la fenêtre?

1. What have you closed? 2. Who has opened the drawer? 3. Have you bought the tables or the chairs? 4. Has she lost the pen or the pencil?

Lesson 7: Negative Interrogative of Avoir.

Qui m'aime, aime mon chien, Love me, love my dog.

In French, the possessive adjective agrees with the thing possessed, and not, as in English, with the possessor.

son père, his father, or her father.
sa mère, his mother, or her mother.

leur maison, their house.
leurs maisons, their houses.

Before a feminine word beginning with a vowel or h mute, for the sake of euphony use mon, ton, son, instead of ma, ta, sa

Exercise.

1. N'ai-je pas vu sa plume?

2. Vous avez vu sa plume

et son crayon. 3. A-t-il pris mes crayons? 4. Qu'avezvous trouvé ? 5. J'ai trouvé son encre, mais je n'ai pas 6. N'a-t-il pas vu son amie? 7. Il a vu 8. Qui a pris ma petite grammaire?

trouvé sa plume.

son amie et ses amis. 9. Ses filles sont grandes, mais ses fils sont très petits. 10. N'ont-ils pas mon livre? 11. Qui a vu leurs fils et leurs filles? 12. Ils ont trouvé nos crayons.

1. The men have not seen their sons. 2. Your friends have seen my sister. 3. Her friend (f.) has bought the little tables. 4. The woman hasn't found her children. 5. Their mother has found their little sister. 6. Has he not lost his books? 7. Have you not opened my drawer? 8. Has she seen her father or her sister? 9. Hasn't the man closed our doors and our windows? 10. Have I not seen your friend? 11. My child, have you (2d sing.) lost my pencil? 12. Have they lost their pens or their pencils? 13. Have we our grammars? 14. Haven't you seen their house? has opened his windows?

Lesson 8: Present Negative of Être

15. Who

Les bons comptes font les bons amis. Short accounts make long friends.

Plural of Adjectives. (1) An adjective always agrees in num ber, as well as in gender, with the noun which it qualifies. (2) Most adjectives form their plural like nouns, by adding s to the singular.

SINGULAR.
bon (m.).
bonne (f.).

Use of the Possessive. is not used in French.

PLURAL.

bons (m.).

bonnes (f.).

The sign 's of the English possessive
Turn such expressions as my brother's

book, their father's house, etc., into the book of my brother, the house of their father, etc.

le livre de mon frère, my brother's book

la maison de leur père, their father's house.

1. Les trois enfants de mon frère sont très aimables. 2. Les amis de votre fils sont-ils riches? 3. Ses amis ne sont pas riches, ils sont pauvres. 4. Les deux maisons de sa sœur ne sont pas très grandes, mais elles sont très jolies. 5. Les enfants ont-ils trouvé les livres de leur père? 6. Les plumes de ma sœur ne sont pas bonnes; elles sont mauvaises. 7. Sa fille n'est pas jolie, mais elle est bonne. 8. Ses deux livres ne sont-ils pas très utiles?

1. You have taken my brother's two pencils. father has bought the houses for your three brothers. houses are small, but they are very pretty. sisters are young. 5. They are very kind.

2. Your 3. The

4. His friend's 6. Is your

friend here? 7. Who is here? 8. Who is not here?

9. Are your pens good [ones]?

or short? 11. Are they naughty?

10. Are the children tall

12. Has he taken the

books? 13. Haven't the children closed their grammars? 14. Has your brother lost his books too?

Oral Drill.

1. N'a-t-elle pas vu mes amis?

2. Qui a trouvé mon

livre ? 3. N'avez-vous pas vu les quatre enfants de votre ami? 4. Sont-ils aimables ou méchants?

1. Has your brother lost his pen or his pencil? 2. What has he lost? 3. Have you written three or four letters? 4. Who has seen my friend (f.)?

Lesson 9: Negative Interrogative of Être.

Pauvreté n'est pas vice. - Poverty is no crime.

Agreement of Adjective. (1) An adjective qualifying two or more nouns masculine must be masculine plural.

(2) An adjective qualifying two or more nouns feminine must be feminine plural.

(3) An adjective qualifying two or more nouns of different genders must be masculine plural.

Être.-PRESENT INDICATIVE, NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE.

bonnes et aimables. 5. Le père et la mère sont-ils bons?

6. Les livres sont-ils sur la table aujourd'hui ?

7. Ne sont