celui, celle, ceux, celles, 26, 27. cent, use of, 30.
ce qui, ce que, 100.
-cer, verbs ending in, 158. certain, different meanings, 331. cesser, used without pas, 223. c'est and ce sont, 74, 75, 100. cher, different meanings, 331. chez, 37.
without ne before the subjunctive, 172.
de crainte que requires ne with the subjunctive, 177.
croire, conjugation, 167; when used with subjunctive, 166.
dans, with names of places, 142; dis tinguished from en, 234. dates, 34, 86.
davantage, when to be used, 183.
collective nouns, with singular or days of the week, 34.
conditional, formation and use, 113, demonstrative adjectives, 24, 27;
conduire, conjugation, 212. conjugation: first, 40; second, 49; third, 54; fourth, 62; peculiarities in first, 154-158; table of formation of tenses, 210; table of termina- tions, 302, 303; of regular verbs in full, 304-311; of irregular verbs, 316-327.
conjunctions, used with the sub- junctive, 176; may be changed to a preposition to avoid the use of the subjunctive, 197. conjunctive pronouns, 120.
connaître, conjugation, 175; distin- guished from savoir, 179.
depuis, meaning, 148; distinguished from pendant, pour, and dès, 234, 235.
dernier, after the noun, 34; differ ent meanings, 331. dès, meaning, 235.
dès que, with future, 82. devant, distinguished from avant 37.
devoir, translation, 207. diæresis, xii. dimensions, 91. diphthongs, xiv. dire, conjugation, 94.
disjunctive pronouns, 37, 75, 119. dix, pronunciation, 14.
countries, names of, with or without do, as an auxiliary, 12.
courir, conjugation, 198.
dormir, conjugation, 211.
craindre, conjugation, 172; with or du, contraction of de and le, 18.
écrire, conjugation of, 196.
gentil, different meanings, 331. -ger, verbs ending in, 158.
empêcher, used with or without ne, grand, different meanings, 331. 172.
en (pronoun), meaning and position, 58, 60, 135, 136.
en (preposition), use with names of places, 141; with present participle, 200; distinguished from dans, 234. encore and autre, 39.
envers, distinguished from vers, 235. et, used with numerals, 29. être, present indicative, 4, 5, 10, 11; conjugation in full, 296; auxiliary use, 35, 133.
exercises for review, 35, 237. expressions for classroom use, XXV-Xxvii.
faire, conjugation, 89; idiomatic uses, 90, 207, 208; meaning "to get" or "to nave done," 207. falloir, conjugation, 183; used in the sense of "must," 198; in the sense of "need," 198.
faux, different meanings, 331. fear, verbs expressing, followed by the subjunctive, with or without ne, 172.
haut, different meanings, 331. have, when translated by faire, 207; by devoir, 207; by venir de, 195. her, as adjective, 8; as pronoun, 37, 43, 119, 120.
hers (pronoun), 20.
heure, used to express time, 86. his, as adjective, 8; as pronoun, 20. honnête, different meanings, 331. how, how many, how much, when rendered by que, 219.
how long, ways of translating, 148. huit, pronunciation of, 14; no elision of preceding vowel, xii. hyphen, xii; in numbers, 29; in verbs, 3.
i final, elision of, xii. il s'en faut, 224.
il y a, distinguished from voilà, 21; ago, 35, 87; duration of time, 224. imperative, formation, 42; position of personal pronoun with, 43, 120, 123.
feminine, of adjectives, 4, 102, 105, imperfect indicative, formation 287; of nouns, 282. and conjugation, 68; use, 68, 151, 152.
first conjugation, peculiarities in, imperfect subjunctive, formation
formation of tenses, 210. fractions, 33.
from, before names of places, 142. furieux, different meanings, 331. future tense, formation and conju- gation, 80; use, 82, 114; after quand, etc., 82; when not to be used after si, 114; expressed by aller to indi- cate immediate action, 206.
galant, different meanings, 331. gender, 1; rule for determining, 281.
and conjugation, 180, 181; use, 180. impersonal verbs, used with the subjunctive, 162; with the infini- tive, 193.
in, before names of places or countries, 142; after a superlative, 73. indefinite adjectives, 216. indefinite article, see article. indefinite pronouns, 216. infinitive mood, 189; compared with the subjunctive, 197; compared with the present participle, 200; without a preposition, 189, 190, 328; with the
preposition à, 195, 329; with the | million, followed by de, 30.
preposition de, 192, 193, 328. interrogative adjectives, 84. interrogative adverbs, order after,
interrogative pronouns, 78, 94, 100,
interrogative verbs, form of, 41, n. irregular verbs, table of conjuga- tions, 298.
à moins que, with the subjunctive, 177.
mon, before a feminine word begin- ning with a vowel or h mute, 8. monsieur, madame, mademoi selle, as mark of respect, 118, 225. months, names of, 34. more, translation, 183.
it, as subject, 5, 74, 75; as object, 43, mortel, different meanings, 332. 120, 136.
mourir, conjugation, 198. multiplication tables, 31. must, implying supposition, 207; meaning necessity or obligation, 198; meaning "must have," 198.
naître, conjugation, 212.
names of places, with or without the article, 141, 142.
nasal vowels, xv.
ne, 7; without pas or point, 188, 223, 224; with ni... ni, 65; ne... • que, 64, 225; after verbs of fearing or preventing, 172.
negation, 64, 223. See ne. neither, 64.
neuf, pronunciation, 14; distinguished from nouveau, 106, note 2. ni . . . ni, 64.
not, see ne.
notre, 8. nôtre, 20.
nouns, collective, 203; formation of plural, 6, 47, 285; plural of com- pound nouns, 286; gender of, 281; nouns of measure or quantity, 52; of material, 54; used in a general sense, 51, 141.
nouveau, distinguished from neuf, 106, note 2; 332.
nuire, conjugation, 212.
numbers, cardinal, 29, 31; forma- tion of ordinal, 15, 32; with et, 29; with a hyphen, 29.
obéir, object, 51, note.
offrir, conjugation, 211.
places, names of, with or without the article, 141, 142.
plaindre, conjugation, 212.
on, use of, 62, 212; when changed to plaire, conjugation, 212.
participle, present, 40, 200; com- pour, distinguished from depuis and
pared with infinitive, 200.
partir, conjugation, 211.
partitive article, 60, 64, 66.
pas, omission, 223; precedes the in- finitive, 220.
pendant, 234; with the infinitive, 190.
pouvoir, conjugation, 190; without pas, 223; distinguished from savoir, 206.
passive form, translation, 62, 212; premier, with names of rulers and conjugation, 312.
past anterior, conjugation, 152, 211; prendre, conjugation, 211.
past definite, 151; use, 152.
past indefinite, 12; distinguished from past definite, 151. past participle, see participle. pauvre, different meanings, 332. pendant, distinguished from depuis and pour, 149, 234.
personal pronouns, see pronouns. personne, position, 108; in partitive sense, with de, 216.
petit, comparison, 73; different meanings, 332.
peu s'en faut, 224.
peur (avoir), followed by the sub- junctive with or without ne, 172; de peur que, 177.
piece, morceau and pièce, 52, note.
prendre garde, followed by the sub- junctive with or without ne, 172. prepositions, à, de, depuis, dès, en, dans, pour, etc., 227-232. près de, 37.
present indicative, first conjuga- tion, 40; second conjugation, 49; third conjugation, 54; fourth conju gation, 62; use, 40, 148. present participle, see participle. present subjunctive, formation, 164; use, 161–188.
preterite, see past definite. primitive tenses, 210. pronominal verbs, 127, 130; conju- gation, 127, 295; used with être in compound tenses, 133; used instead of English passive, 212.
pronoun, conjunctive, 120; demon- strative, 26-28; disjunctive, 37, 75, 119, 120; indefinite, 216; interroga- tive, 77, 94, 100, 215; order of, 138; personal, 37, 43, 119-140; possessive, 20, 289; relative, 23, 77, 97, 100, 215. pronunciation, xii-xx; syllables, xxi; words for practice, xxi, xxii; linking of words, xxiii. propre, different meanings, 332. punctuation, xxiv.
quand, with the future, 82; quand and lorsque, 82.
of softened assertion, 186; distin- guished from pouvoir, 206; distin- guished from connaître, 179. se, 120, 127. seasons, 90.
sentir, conjugation, 211. sept, pronunciation of, 14. seul, different meanings, 332; with the subjunctive, 174.
si (so), in comparisons, 23; meaning "yes," 225.
si, conjunction, 114, 176; elision of i,
quatre-vingt, with or without s, 30. six, pronunciation of, 14.
que, pronoun object, 101.
que, elision of e, 22, 23: cannot be omitted, 23; used to avoid the repe- tition of other conjugations, 187; with the subjunctive, 187; used for "how!," ," "how much!," 219; used for "why!," 224. quel, 84.
question, form of, 3; first singular,
41, note 1; noun subject, 5. qui, does not admit elision, 23. See pronoun, interrogative and rela- tive.
qui est-ce qui, qu'est-ce qui, 101, 215.
quoique, with subjunctive, 176.
reciprocal verbs, conjugation, 130, 314.
reflexive verbs, conjugation, 127, 130, 313.
relative pronoun, 23, 77, 94, 97, 215. review exercises, 237.
rien, position of, 108; in partitive sense with de, 216. rire, conjugation of, 201.
savoir, conjugation, 92: used nega- tively without pas, 223; subjunctive |
so, translation, 23. soi, 217.
soir, distinguished from soirée, 204. some, before a noun, 60; exceptional uses, 64, 66; without a noun, 60. son, before a feminine word beginning with a vowel or h mute, 8. subject, repeated when of different
persons, 117; in interrogative sen- tences, 5, 117. subjunctive mood, 161; formation and conjugation of the present, 164; after impersonal verbs, 162; after negative or interrogative verbs, 166; after verbs of emotion, 169; after relative pronouns and after superla- tives, 174; after certain conjunc- tions, 176; compared with the indicative, 161; compared with the infinitive, 197; formation and con- jugation of the imperfect, 181; se- quence of tenses, 180; subjunctive in independent clauses, 185; with ne, 172; with que, 187; used for imperative, 185; pluperfect as a past conditional, 186. suivre, conjugation, 211. superlative, formation, 73; with c'est or ce sont, 74; when placed after its noun requires the article to
« PreviousContinue » |