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celui, celle, ceux, celles, 26, 27.
cent, use of, 30.

ce qui, ce que, 100.

-cer, verbs ending in, 158.
certain, different meanings, 331.
cesser, used without pas, 223.
c'est and ce sont, 74, 75, 100.
cher, different meanings, 331.
chez, 37.

-ci, 27.

cinq, pronunciation, 14.

without ne before the subjunctive,
172.

de crainte que requires ne with the
subjunctive, 177.

croire, conjugation, 167; when used
with subjunctive, 166.

dans, with names of places, 142; dis
tinguished from en, 234.
dates, 34, 86.

davantage, when to be used, 183.

collective nouns, with singular or days of the week, 34.

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conditional, formation and use, 113, demonstrative adjectives, 24, 27;

114.

conduire, conjugation, 212.
conjugation: first, 40; second, 49;
third, 54; fourth, 62; peculiarities
in first, 154-158; table of formation
of tenses, 210; table of termina-
tions, 302, 303; of regular verbs in
full, 304-311; of irregular verbs,
316-327.

conjunctions, used with the sub-
junctive, 176; may be changed to a
preposition to avoid the use of the
subjunctive, 197.
conjunctive pronouns, 120.

connaître, conjugation, 175; distin-
guished from savoir, 179.

consonants, xvii.

pronouns, 26, 27.

depuis, meaning, 148; distinguished
from pendant, pour, and dès, 234,
235.

dernier, after the noun, 34; differ
ent meanings, 331.
dès, meaning, 235.

dès que, with future, 82.
devant, distinguished from avant
37.

devoir, translation, 207.
diæresis, xii.
dimensions, 91.
diphthongs, xiv.
dire, conjugation, 94.

disjunctive pronouns, 37, 75, 119.
dix, pronunciation, 14.

countries, names of, with or without do, as an auxiliary, 12.

the article, 141, 142.

courir, conjugation, 198.

dont, use, 97.

dormir, conjugation, 211.

craindre, conjugation, 172; with or du, contraction of de and le, 18.

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écrire, conjugation of, 196.

elision, xii.

gentil, different meanings, 331.
-ger, verbs ending in, 158.

empêcher, used with or without ne, grand, different meanings, 331.
172.

en (pronoun), meaning and position,
58, 60, 135, 136.

en (preposition), use with names of
places, 141; with present participle,
200; distinguished from dans, 234.
encore and autre, 39.

envers, distinguished from vers, 235.
et, used with numerals, 29.
être, present indicative, 4, 5, 10, 11;
conjugation in full, 296; auxiliary
use, 35, 133.

exercises for review, 35, 237.
expressions for classroom use,
XXV-Xxvii.

faire, conjugation, 89; idiomatic uses,
90, 207, 208; meaning "to get" or
"to nave done," 207.
falloir, conjugation, 183; used in the
sense of "must," 198; in the sense
of "need," 198.

faux, different meanings, 331.
fear, verbs expressing, followed by
the subjunctive, with or without ne,
172.

haut, different meanings, 331.
have, when translated by faire, 207;
by devoir, 207; by venir de, 195.
her, as adjective, 8; as pronoun, 37,
43, 119, 120.

hers (pronoun), 20.

heure, used to express time, 86.
his, as adjective, 8; as pronoun, 20.
honnête, different meanings, 331.
how, how many, how much, when
rendered by que, 219.

how long, ways of translating, 148.
huit, pronunciation of, 14; no elision
of preceding vowel, xii.
hyphen, xii; in numbers, 29; in
verbs, 3.

i final, elision of, xii.
il s'en faut, 224.

il y a, distinguished from voilà, 21;
ago, 35, 87; duration of time, 224.
imperative, formation, 42; position
of personal pronoun with, 43, 120,
123.

feminine, of adjectives, 4, 102, 105, imperfect indicative, formation
287; of nouns, 282.
and conjugation, 68; use, 68, 151, 152.

first conjugation, peculiarities in, imperfect subjunctive, formation

154-158.

formation of tenses, 210.
fractions, 33.

from, before names of places, 142.
furieux, different meanings, 331.
future tense, formation and conju-
gation, 80; use, 82, 114; after quand,
etc., 82; when not to be used after
si, 114; expressed by aller to indi-
cate immediate action, 206.

galant, different meanings, 331.
gender, 1; rule for determining, 281.

and conjugation, 180, 181; use, 180.
impersonal verbs, used with the
subjunctive, 162; with the infini-
tive, 193.

in, before names of places or countries,
142; after a superlative, 73.
indefinite adjectives, 216.
indefinite article, see article.
indefinite pronouns, 216.
infinitive mood, 189; compared with
the subjunctive, 197; compared with
the present participle, 200; without
a preposition, 189, 190, 328; with the

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preposition à, 195, 329; with the | million, followed by de, 30.

preposition de, 192, 193, 328.
interrogative adjectives, 84.
interrogative adverbs, order after,

117.

interrogative pronouns, 78, 94, 100,

215.

interrogative verbs, form of, 41, n.
irregular verbs, table of conjuga-
tions, 298.

moi, use, 119.

à moins que, with the subjunctive,
177.

mon, before a feminine word begin-
ning with a vowel or h mute, 8.
monsieur, madame, mademoi
selle, as mark of respect, 118, 225.
months, names of, 34.
more, translation, 183.

it, as subject, 5, 74, 75; as object, 43, mortel, different meanings, 332.
120, 136.

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mourir, conjugation, 198.
multiplication tables, 31.
must, implying supposition, 207;
meaning necessity or obligation,
198; meaning "must have," 198.

naître, conjugation, 212.

names of places, with or without
the article, 141, 142.

nasal vowels, xv.

ne, 7; without pas or point, 188, 223,
224; with ni... ni, 65; ne...
• que,
64, 225; after verbs of fearing or
preventing, 172.

negation, 64, 223. See ne.
neither, 64.

neuf, pronunciation, 14; distinguished
from nouveau, 106, note 2.
ni . . . ni, 64.

not, see ne.

notre, 8.
nôtre, 20.

nouns, collective, 203; formation of
plural, 6, 47, 285; plural of com-
pound nouns, 286; gender of, 281;
nouns of measure or quantity, 52;
of material, 54; used in a general
sense, 51, 141.

nouveau, distinguished from neuf,
106, note 2; 332.

nuire, conjugation, 212.

numbers, cardinal, 29, 31; forma-
tion of ordinal, 15, 32; with et, 29;
with a hyphen, 29.

obéir, object, 51, note.

offrir, conjugation, 211.

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places, names of, with or without
the article, 141, 142.

plaindre, conjugation, 212.

on, use of, 62, 212; when changed to plaire, conjugation, 212.

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participle, present, 40, 200; com- pour, distinguished from depuis and

pared with infinitive, 200.

partir, conjugation, 211.

partitive article, 60, 64, 66.

pas, omission, 223; precedes the in-
finitive, 220.

pendant, 234; with the infinitive,
190.

pouvoir, conjugation, 190; without
pas, 223; distinguished from savoir,
206.

passive form, translation, 62, 212; premier, with names of rulers and
conjugation, 312.

with dates, 34.

past anterior, conjugation, 152, 211; prendre, conjugation, 211.

use, 152.

past definite, 151; use, 152.

past indefinite, 12; distinguished
from past definite, 151.
past participle, see participle.
pauvre, different meanings, 332.
pendant, distinguished from depuis
and pour, 149, 234.

personal pronouns, see pronouns.
personne, position, 108; in partitive
sense, with de, 216.

petit, comparison, 73; different
meanings, 332.

peu s'en faut, 224.

peur (avoir), followed by the sub-
junctive with or without ne, 172;
de peur que, 177.

piece, morceau and pièce, 52, note.

prendre garde, followed by the sub-
junctive with or without ne, 172.
prepositions, à, de, depuis, dès, en,
dans, pour, etc., 227-232.
près de, 37.

present indicative, first conjuga-
tion, 40; second conjugation, 49;
third conjugation, 54; fourth conju
gation, 62; use, 40, 148.
present participle, see participle.
present subjunctive, formation,
164; use, 161–188.

preterite, see past definite.
primitive tenses, 210.
pronominal verbs, 127, 130; conju-
gation, 127, 295; used with être in
compound tenses, 133; used instead
of English passive, 212.

Numbers refer to pages.

pronoun, conjunctive, 120; demon-
strative, 26-28; disjunctive, 37, 75,
119, 120; indefinite, 216; interroga-
tive, 77, 94, 100, 215; order of, 138;
personal, 37, 43, 119-140; possessive,
20, 289; relative, 23, 77, 97, 100, 215.
pronunciation, xii-xx; syllables,
xxi; words for practice, xxi, xxii;
linking of words, xxiii.
propre, different meanings, 332.
punctuation, xxiv.

quand, with the future, 82; quand
and lorsque, 82.

of softened assertion, 186; distin-
guished from pouvoir, 206; distin-
guished from connaître, 179.
se, 120, 127.
seasons, 90.

sentir, conjugation, 211.
sept, pronunciation of, 14.
seul, different meanings, 332; with
the subjunctive, 174.

si (so), in comparisons, 23; meaning
"yes," 225.

si, conjunction, 114, 176; elision of i,

114.

sien, 20.

quatre-vingt, with or without s, 30. six, pronunciation of, 14.

que, pronoun object, 101.

que, elision of e, 22, 23: cannot be
omitted, 23; used to avoid the repe-
tition of other conjugations, 187;
with the subjunctive, 187; used for
"how!,"
," "how much!," 219; used
for "why!," 224.
quel, 84.

question, form of, 3; first singular,

41, note 1; noun subject, 5.
qui, does not admit elision, 23. See
pronoun, interrogative and rela-
tive.

qui est-ce qui, qu'est-ce qui, 101,
215.

quoi, 100.

quoique, with subjunctive, 176.

reciprocal verbs, conjugation, 130,
314.

reflexive verbs, conjugation, 127,
130, 313.

relative pronoun, 23, 77, 94, 97, 215.
review exercises, 237.

rien, position of, 108; in partitive
sense with de, 216.
rire, conjugation of, 201.

savoir, conjugation, 92: used nega-
tively without pas, 223; subjunctive |

so, translation, 23.
soi, 217.

soir, distinguished from soirée, 204.
some, before a noun, 60; exceptional
uses, 64, 66; without a noun, 60.
son, before a feminine word beginning
with a vowel or h mute, 8.
subject, repeated when of different

persons, 117; in interrogative sen-
tences, 5, 117.
subjunctive mood, 161; formation
and conjugation of the present, 164;
after impersonal verbs, 162; after
negative or interrogative verbs, 166;
after verbs of emotion, 169; after
relative pronouns and after superla-
tives, 174; after certain conjunc-
tions, 176; compared with the
indicative, 161; compared with the
infinitive, 197; formation and con-
jugation of the imperfect, 181; se-
quence of tenses, 180; subjunctive
in independent clauses, 185; with
ne, 172; with que, 187; used for
imperative, 185; pluperfect as a
past conditional, 186.
suivre, conjugation, 211.
superlative, formation, 73; with
c'est or ce sont, 74; when placed
after its noun requires the article to

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