ossius rejects the opinion, and shews, that the Egipanes had not faces like men, as the Sylvans ad, but like goats. The whole upper part of e body resembled that animal; and the lower, hey painted with a fish's tail. The monster epresented on some medals of Augustus, by ntiquaries called Capricornus, appears to be the rue Egipan. ÆGIPHILA, GOAT-FRIEND; in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the etrandria class of plants; the characters of which ire: CAL. a single-leaved perianthium, bell shaped, four-toothed, loose, very short, and persistent: COR. one petal; the tubus cylindric, narrower and longer than the calyx; the border divided into four segments, flat and equal; the divisions oblong; STAM. four erect capillary filaments; the antheræ incumbent and squared: PIST. a germen above; a capillary, two-cleft, middle sized stylus; and a simple stigma: the pericarpium is a roundish unilocular berry; the seeds four. There is only one species, a native of Martinico. ÆGIPYROS, in botany, buck wheat. EGIS, in ancient mythology, the shield of Jupiter and Minerva. The goat Amalthea, which had suckled Jove, being dead, that god is said to have covered h's buckler with the skin: whence the appellation Ægis, from ait, aiyoç, a she-goat. Jupiter, afterwards restoring the beast to life again, covered it with a new skin, and placed it among the stars; and gave his buckler to Minerva; whence her shield is also called agis. Minerva, having killed the Gorgon Medusa, nailed her head in the middle of the agis, which henceforth had the faculty of converting into stone all those who looked thereon; as Medusa was said to have done during her life. Some critics, particularly Servius, take the agis not to have been a buckler, but a cuirass, or breastplate, which is more agreeable to Virgil's description of Minerva's; En. viii. v. 435. But Jupiter's ægis is expressly described as a buckler, v. 354. ÆGISTHUS, in ancient fabulous history, the son of Thyestes, by his own daughter Pelopeia, who, to conceal her shame, exposed him in the woods; where he was suckled by a goat, and hence called gisthus. He corrupted Clytemnestra, the wife of Agamemnon; and with her assistance, slew her husband, and reigned seven years in Mycena. He was, together with Clytemnestra, slain by Orestes. EGITHALLUS, in ancient geography, a promontory and citadel of Sicily, between Drepanum and the Emporium Aegistanum, afterwards called Acellus; corruptly written Aegitharsos, in Ptolemy, situated near Mount Erix, and now called Capo di Santo Theodoro. ÆGIUM, in ancient geography, a town of Achaia Propria, five miles from the place where Helice stood, and famous for the council of the Achæans, which usually met there on account either of the dignity or commodiousness of its situation. It was famous also for the worship of of Quayvios Zevs, Conventional Jupiter, that god having been supposed to be suckled here by the she-goat Amalthæ, and of Panachæan Ceres. The territory of Egium was watered by two rivers, viz. the Phoenix and Meganites. The epithet is Egiensis. There is a coin in the cabinet of the king of Prussia, with the inscription AILI, and the figure of a tortoise, which is the symbol of Peloponnesus, and leaves no doubt as to the place where it was struck. EGLEFINUS, in ichthyology, a name given, by the generality of authors, to the haddock, called by others, the onos. ÆGLEUS, in botany, the white chamæleon thistle. It is derived from the Greek atyλŋeç of Galen; by which he distinguishes the white chameleon, which was an esculent and medicina. plant, from the peßevvoc or erebenus, which was what we call the black chamæleon thistle, and was esteemed poisonous. ÆGLIA. See EGIAS. ÆGOBOLIUM, in antiquity, the sacrifice of a goat offered to Cybele. The ægobolium was an expiatory sacrifice, which bore a near resemblance to the taurobolium and criobolium, and seems to have been sometimes joined with them. ÆGOCEPHALUS, in ornithology, the name by which the generality of authors call the bird, known in England by the name of the god-wit, and in some places the stone-plover, the yerwhep, or yarwhip. GOCERAS, in botany, a name given to fenugreek, and also to bouceras, because of their corniculated fruit, the word originally signifying goat's horn. ÆGOLETHRON, in botany, a plant mentioned by Pliny; which appears to be the same with what Tournefort describes under the name of chamarododendros, pontica, maxima, mespili folio, floreo luteo. The ancients attribute dangerous qualities to it. EGOMANTIA, in antiquity, a species of divination performed by means of a goat. ÆGONÝCHUS, Ayog ovu, the nail or hoof of a goat, in natural history, a plant mentioned by Pliny, as a synonyme of the lithospermum, or gromwell. The ancients called this plant, exonychon; by which they expressed its being like the exterior parts of the nails on the fingers. EGOPHTHALMUS, in mineralogy, the goat's eye stone, a name given to those species of agate, or other semipellucid gems which have circular spots in them, resembling the eyes of that animal in colour, and in their round figure. ÆGOPODIUM, small wild angelica, goutwort, goat's-foot, herb gerard, or ashweed; a genus of the digynia order, belonging to the pentandria class of plants; the characters of which are: CAL. a manifold convex umbel; the partial one, consimilar and flat; there is no involucrum; and the proper perianthium is scarcely discernible; the COR. uniform, the florets all fertile; the proper one has five inverse ovate, concave, equal petals, inflected at the top: STAM five simple filaments twice the length of the corolla; the antheræ, roundish: PIST. a germen beneath; two purple erect styli the length of the corolla; the stigmata are headed: no pericarpium: the fruit is ovate, striated, and bipartite : the seeds are two, ovate, on one side convex and striated, and flat on the other. There is but one species, a native of Britain and other parts of Europe. It is very common under hedges and about gardens. ÆGOPOGON, in botany, a name used by Tragus and others, to express the ulmania, or common meadow-sweet. ÆGOPRICON, a genus of the monocia order, belonging to the diandria class of plants; the characters of which are; CAL. both of male and female a tubula perianthium of one leaf divided into three segments; COR. wanting: STAM. a single erect filament longer than the calyx, with an ovate anthera; PIST. an ovate germen, three divaricated styli, the simple persistent stigmata: the pericarpium a globular berry, three-grained within, and three-celled: the seeds solitary and angular on one side. There is but one species, a native of Surinam. ÆGOPROSOPON. See ÆGIDION. GOSPOTAMOS, in ancient geography, a river in the Thracian Chersonesus, falling into the Hellespont, to the north of Sestos. EGOSPOTAMOS, a town, station, or road for ships, at the mouth of the above river. Here the Athenians under Conon, through the fault of his colleague Isocrates, received a signal overthrow from the Lacedemonians, under Lysander, which was followed by the taking of Athens, and put an end to the Peloponnesian war. See LYSANDER. EGREFINUS. See EGLEFINUS. ÆGRITUDO BOVINA. See BOVINA AF FECTIO. EGYPT. See EGYPT. EGYPTIACA, the Papyrus. EGYPTIACUM, in pharmacy, a name given to various ointments of the detergent, or corrosive kind; such as the black, red, white, simple, compound, or magistral, Egyptiacum. Of these the principal are: EGYPTIACUM ALBUM, a composition of lily roots mixed up with aromatics; it is mentioned by Hippocrates, and is the same with what other ancients call cicinum. It was used by the ladies of those days to smear over their faces, to preserve their complexions. Hippocrates also speaks of another composition of the Egyptian thorn. EGYPTIACUM COMPOSITUM MAGISTRALE, wherein treacle, mithridate, camphor, &c. are ingredients. It is much used in the German dispensatories. EGYPTIACUM RUBRUM, and NITRUM, the red and black kind, are chiefly used by farriers, to soften the hoofs of horses, when too hard. EGYPTIACUM SIMPLEX, usually found in our shops, is a composition of verdigrise, vinegar, and honey, boiled to a consistence. It takes its name from its dusky colour, wherein it resembles that of the natives of Egypt. It is improperly called an unguent; as there is no oil in it. Some call it Mel Egyptiacum. It is chiefly used in eating of rotten flesh, and cleansing foul ulcers; particularly venereal ones in the throat, & c It also destroys those cancerous erosions apt to grow in children's mouths. EGYPTILLA, in natural history, the name of a stone said, by the ancients, to have the remarkable quality of giving water the colour and taste of wine. This seems a very imaginary virtue, as are indeed too many of those in former ages attributed to stones. This remarkable fossil was described as variegated with veins of black, white, and bluish, with sometimes a vein of whitish red. The authors of these accounts seem to have understood by this name the stones of the onyx, sardonyx, and camæa kind; all which we have at present common among us, but none of which possess any such strange properties. ÆGYPTION, a tropical remedy used by the ancients in uterine disorders. EGYPTIUM PHARMACUMAD AURES. Aetius speaks of this as excellent for deterging fœtid ulcers of the ears, which he says it cures, though the patient were born with them. ÆGYPTUS, in fabulous history, the son of Belus, and brother of Danaus. See BELIDES. ÆHOITULLA, in zoology, the name of an East Indian species of serpent, found frequently in the island of Ceylon; it is very long and slender, sometimes wholly of a fine green, sometimes green and white, and lives principally on trees and among bushes. EICHRYSON, in botany, a name sometimes given to the Sedum majus. EINAUTÆ, from Avavrai, always mariners, in antiquity, senators of Miletus, who held their deliberations on board a ship, far from shore, and, till their business was decided, never returned to land. ÆIPATHY, from att, always, and aboç, affection, Gr. a passion of long continuance. EITHALES, in botany, another name for the Sedum majus. ÆIZOON, aɛwov, from aut, always, and on, life; Sempervivum, sedum, houseleek. ELF, (which according to various dialects, is pronounced ulf, welph, hulp, hilp, helfe, and, at this day help,) implies assistance. So Elfwin, is victorious, and Elfwold, an auxiliary governour: Elfgifa, a lender of assistance: with which Baotius, Symmachus, Epicurus, &c. bear a plain analogy. Gibson's Camden. ALFRED. See ALFRED. ALFRIC, archbishop of Canterbury in the tenth century, was the son of an earl of Kent, who, receiving the usual education, assumed the habit of the Benedictine order of monks in the monastery of Abingdon, over which Athelwold then presided, and the latter being subsequently made bishop of Winchester, took Elfric with him to aid in the education of the youth of his diocese. He composed a Latin Saxon Vocabulary, and some Latin colloquies, the former of which was printed by Somner, under the title of A Glossary, Oxon. 1659. Elfric also during his residence in Winchester, translated from the Latin into Saxon, most of the historical books of the Old Testament, and Canons for the regula lation of the Clergy, which are inserted in Spelman's Councils. He afterwards became abbot of St. Albans, (where he composed a liturgy for the service of his abbey, which was used in Leland's time,) bishop of Wilton, and, in 994, was translated to the see of Canterbury, He frequently assisted his country in a spirited resistance of the Danish invaders, and died highly venerated, Nov. 1005. ELIA CAPITOLINA. See JERUSALEM. ÆLIAN, (Claudius,) born at Præneste in Italy, taught rhetoric at Rome, under Alexander Severus. He was surnamed Mελtуλwoσoç, Honeymouth, on account of the sweetness of his style, and entitled Sophist, an appellation in his days given only to men of learning and wisdom, He loved retirement, and studied Plato, Aristotle, Isocrates, Plutarch, &c. and, though a Roman, gave the preference to the Greek authors. His most celebrated works are, his Various History, and History of Animals; though he also wrote a book on Providence, and another on Divine Appearances. LII PONS, in ancient geography, one of the fortresses near Adrian's Wall, now called Portland in Northumberland, between Newcastle and Morpeth. ELIUS PONS, now il Ponte S. Angelo, a stone bridge at Rome, over the Tyber, which leads to the Burgo and Vatican from the city, along Adrian's mole, built by the emperor Adrian. ALMEFOCH, in ecclesiastical affairs, the tribute of a penny from each house, anciently paid to the Pope, and thence called Peter-pence. AELPUTE, AELMODER, and AELMUTTER, names of the Eelpout. See next article, AELQUAPPE, in zoology, the common name, among the German nations, of a fish of the Mustela kind, the viviparous eelpout, called by Schonefeldt mustela vivipara. It is usually a foot long or more. Its skin is perfectly smooth, and the colour of its back and head a brownish yellow, marked with blotches of black; the colour of the back grows paler on the sides, and on the belly is whitish. It has four gills on each side, and the head is shaped like that of the eel; the back fin reaches the whole length of the body, terminating near the tail. The belly fin begins at the anus, and reaches to the extremity of the fish, ending in a fine, slender, and somewhat reddish tail. Beside these, it has two pairs of fins, one at the bottom of the gills, which are somewhat broad, and the other very fine and slender under the throat. The young of this species are often found alive, to the number of 300 in one individual: they are found of two fingers breadth long, and live sometimes after they are taken out. AELST, (Evert Van,) a celebrated Dutch painter of still life, born at Delft, in 1602. He acquired a great reputation for delicacy of manner and exactitude in copying nature, as well as for the beautiful lustre he gave to his representation of metals. ELUROPO, in pharmacy, a syrup made of the herb cats-foot, a species of gnaphalium. ÆLURUS, in Egyptian mythology, the god of cats; represented sometimes like a cat, and sometimes like a man with a cat's head. The Egyptians had so superstitious a regard for this animal, that the killing it, whether by accident or design was punished with death; and Diodorus relates, that, in the time of extreme famine, they chose rather to eat one another than touch those sacred animals. AEM, Aм, or AME, a liquid measure used in most parts of Germany: but different in different towns: the aem commonly contains twenty VOL. I. vertils, or eighty masses: that of Heidelbergh is equal to forty-eight masses; and that of Wirtemberg to 160 masses. See AAM. ÆMILIANUS, EMILIUS, or C. JULIUS, an obscure native of Mauritania, who by his valou: and prudent conduct, raised himself to become successively first consul and emperor of Rome. He succeeded Decius, and marched against Gallus and Valerian, who were murdered by their own troops, a fate which he also shortly suffered. EMILIANUS. See SCIPIO. EMILIUS, (Paulus,) the son of Lucius Emilius, who was killed at the battle of Canna, was twice consul. In his first consulate, hc triumphed over the Ligurians; and in the second, subdued Perseus king of Macedonia, and reduced that country to a Roman province, on which he obtained the surname of Macedonicus. He returned to Rome, loaded with glory, and triumphed for three days. He died 168 years before Christ. EMILIUS, (Paulus,) a celebrated historian, born at Verona, who obtained such reputation in Italy, that he was invited into France by the cardinal of Bourbon, in the reign of Louis XII. to write the history of the kings of France in Latin, and was given a canonry in the cathedral of Paris. He was near forty years in writing that history, which has been greatly admired; and died at Paris in 1529. ÆMOBOLIUM, in antiquity, the blood of a bull or ram offered in the sacrifices, called taurobolia and cribolia; in which sense the word occurs, in ancient inscriptions. Some read it Egobolium, which see. ENARIA, in ancient geography, an island in the bay of Cuma, Italy. It was also called Inarime, and now Ischia; and is twenty miles in compass. It is one of the Oenotrides, and fenced round by very high rocks, so as to be inaccessible but on one side; it was formerly famous for its earthenware. See ISCHIA. ANEAS, in fabulous history, a famous Trojan prince, the son of Anchises and Venus. At the destruction of Troy, he bore his aged father on his back, and saved him from the Greeks; but being too solicitous about his son and household gods, lost his wife Creusa in the escape. Landing in Africa, he was kindly received by queen Dido, to whom he made a very ungrateful return. Quitting her coast, he arrived in Italy, where he married Lavinia, the daughter of king Latinus, and defeated Turnus, to whom she had been contracted. After the death of his fatherin-law, he was made king of the Latins, over whom he reigned three years: but joining with the Aborigines, he was slain in a battle against the Tuscans. See ENEID. ENEAS SYLVIUS. See PIUS II. ANEATORES, in antiquity, the musicians in an army; including those who played trumpets, horns, litui, buccine, &c. The word is formed from aneas, on account of the brazen instruments used by them. ENEID, the name of Virgil's celebrated epic poem. The subject, the establishment of Encas in Italy, is extremely happy. Nothing could be more interesting to the Romans, than to look N back to their origin from so famous a hero. While the object itself was splendid, the traditionary history of this country opened interesting fields to the poet; and he could glance at all the recent and really great exploits of the Romans, in its ancient and fabulous state. The unity of action is perfectly preserved in the Æneid. The settlement of Eneas, by the order of the gods, is constantly kept in view; and the episodes are linked properly with the main subject. The nodus, or intrigue of the poem, is also happily managed. The wrath of Juno, who opposes Eneas, gives rise to all his difficulties, and connects the human with the celestial operations, throughout the whole poem. One great imperfection, however, is, that there are no strongly marked characters in the Eneid. Achates, Cloanthes, Gyas, and other Trojan heroes who accompanied Eneas into Italy, are insipid. Even Eneas himself is without interest. The character of Dido is the best supported in the whole Eneid. The principal excellency of the Eneid of Virgil is tenderness. His soul was full of sensibility. He must have felt himself all the affecting circumstances in the scenes he describes; and he knew how to touch the heart by a single stroke. In an epic poem this merit is next to sublimity. The second book of the Encid is one of the greatest master-pieces that ever was executed. The death of old Priam, and the family-pieces of Eneas, Anchises, and Creusa, are as tender as can be conceived. In the fourth book, the unhappy passion and death of Dido are admirable. The episodes of Pallas and Evander, of Nisus and Euryalus, of Lausus and Mezentius, are superlatively fine. In his battles, Virgil is inferior to Homer. But, in the important episode, the descent into hell, he has surpassed Homer by many degrees. There is nothing in antiquity, that equals the sixth book of the Eneid. ENGINA, one of the islands of the Archipelago. See EGINA. ANIGMA, αἴνιγμα, a riddle. An obscure and difficult question. The dark enigma will allow A meaning; which, if well I understand, Dryden. A custom was amongst the ancients of proposing an enigma at festivals, and adjudging a reward to him that solved it. ENIGMA. See ENIGMA. Pope. ANIGMA, Αινιγμα, formed of αινιττεσθαι, ούscure innuere, to hint a thing darkly, and of avoç, an obscure speech, denotes any dark saying, wherein something is concealed under obscure language. The popular name is riddle; from the Belgic raeden, or the Saxon araethan, to interpret. Fa. Bouhours, in the memoirs of Trevoux, defines an ænigma: A discourse, or painting, including some hidden meaning, which is proposed to be guessed. ENIGMAS, VERBAL, are witty, artful and abstruse descriptions of any thing. In a general sense, every dark saying, every parable, may pass for an enigma. Hence, obscure laws are called Enigmata Juris; and, the alchemists are great dealers in anigmatic language, their pro cesses for the philosopher's stone being generally wrapt up in riddles: e. g. Fac ex mare et fæmina circulum, inde quadrangulum, hinc triangulum, fac circulum, et habebis lapidem philosophorum. F. Menestrier has attempted to reduce the composition and resolution of ænigmas to a kind of art, with fixed rules and principles, which he calls the philosophy of ænigmatic images. Puerile as, in modern times, the exercise of resolving ænigmas may appear, it is certain that the practice of their proposition and explanation has existed in the most remote, and the most learned ages of the world. The greater part of the Egyptian learning is said to have been comprised in ænigmas; and that of the sphinx, and the supposed discovery of its celebrated riddle by Edipus, appears to be testified by the numerous Egyp tian statues of that fabulous monster. The story is this:—a certain monster, having the head and breasts of a woman, the wings of a bird, the claws of a lion, and the body of a dog, had long ravaged the country about Thebes, and could not be destroyed until this riddle was solved: What animal is that which walks on four legs in the morning, at noon on two, and at night on three? The answer of Edipus was, it is a man: when the monster, in despair, dashed out his brains against a rock. Sphinxes themselves, indeed, were ænigmatical of the rising of the Nile; the head of a woman, and the body of a lion, indicating the overflow of that river, when the sun passed through the signs of Virgo and Leo in August; Gale thinks, the Jews borrowed their ænigmatical forms of speech, (see Numbers xii. 8. Judges xiv. 12.) from the Egyptians. The New Testament says, " Now (in this state) we see through a mirror ev ayμari, in an enigmatical manner. but then (in an eternal state) face to face." 1 Cor. xiii. 12. Some ænigmas of antiquity have furnished considerable employment to critics. We subjoin : 1. The celebrated sybilline ænigma: Literulis noscor quadrisyllabus ipse novenis: A mystical solution has been given of this ænigma. Moret will have it signify the name Jehovah, which, according to him, comprehends the number 1696, abating one, the number contained in the ænigma. Brentius maintains, that the whole sum amounts to 1711, and that it represents the word poopopoç. The generality understand it of the word arsenic, or APLE ΝΙΚΟΝ. 2. An ingenious ænigma on the operation of cupping, by a machine of brass : Ανδρ είδον πυρι χαλκὸν ἐπ' ἀνέςι κολλήσαντα ; "I saw a man, who, unprovok'd with ire, Stuck brass upon another's back by fire." Arist. Rhetor. 1. iii. c. 2. t. 2. p. 586. ed. Duval. 3. The celebrated Spanish ænigma from the Bologna marble, preserved in the Voltaian family, is perhaps, the most famous specimen of this kind of learning: D. M. ELIA LELIA CRISPIS. Nec vir, nec mulier, nec androgyna. SED OMNIA. Neque fame, neque ferro, neque veneno. Nec cœlo, nec aquis, nec terris. Nec maritus, nec amator, nec necessarius, Nec molem, nec pyramidem, nec sepulchrum. SED OMNIA. Scit, et nescit cui posuerit; That is to say, "To the gods' manes. Elia Lælia Crispis, neither man, nor woman, nor hermaphrodite; neither girl, nor young woman, nor old; neither chaste, nor polluted, nor a modest woman; but all these: killed neither by hunger, nor steel, nor poison; but by all these: rests neither in heaven, nor on the earth, nor in the waters; but every where. Lucius Agatho Priscius, neither her husband, nor lover nor friend; nor sorrowful, nor joyful, nor weeping; certain, and uncertain, to whom he rears this monument, neither erects her a temple, nor a pyramid, nor a tomb, but all these." In the MS. at Milan, instead of D. M. we find A. M. P. P. D. and at the end the following addition: "Hoc est sepulchrum intus cadaver non habens, Hoc est cadaver sepulchrum extra non habens, Sed cadaver idem est et sepulchrum." Which signifies, "This is the grave that has no corpse within: This is the corpse that has no grave without; but the corpse and the grave are the same." Ri. We find near fifty several solutions of this ænigma advanced by learned men. Marius Michael Angelus maintains, Ælia Lælia Crispis, to signify rain water falling into the sea. Vitus first explained it of Niobe turned to a stone, afterwards of the rational soul, and afterwards of the Platonic idea; Jo. Turrius, of the materia prima; Fr. Schottus, of an eunuch, &c. &c. &c. 4. We cannot omit, lastly, this elegant little ænigmatic epitaph: ON FAIR ROSAMOND. Hic jacet Rosa munda, non Rosa mundi, Non redolet, sed olet, quæ redolere solet. ENIGMATICAL, something that relates to, or partakes of, the nature of ænigma. The philosophy of the Druids was altogether ænigmatical. The ancient sages in general, affected an ænigmatical way of writing, to conceal their doctrines from the populace. The Romans in Nero's time, were obliged to have recourse to the like method, though for different reasons. We read of an ænigmatical medal presented by the Huguenots to Henry III. Schott has published an explication of an ænigmatical coin of the emperor Augustus, concerning which antiquaries have been long divided. ÆNIGMATOGRAPHER, or ÆNIGMATIST, a maker or explainer of ænigmas. Hardouin, Vander Hardt, &c. are great ænigmatists. ÆNIGMATOGRAPHY, or ÆNIGMATOLOGY, from Αινιγμα, and γράφω, to describe, or λογος, speech, the art of resolving or making Ænigmas. ENII, the inhabitants of Enos. ENITHOLOGIUS, in poetry, a kind of verse, consisting of two dactyls, and three trochæi; Such as, Prælia dira placent truci juventæ, ENOBARBUS, in ancient history, the agnomen or surname of Domitius, who was so called from his beard, which, according to tradition, was changed by Castor and Pollux, from brown to red, because he did not believe them, when they revealed to him a victory that was obtained. ENONA, in ancient geography, a city of Liburnia, called by Pliny Civitas Prasini, the reason of which is unknown,; also Enona, and now Nona; on the Adriatic, by which it is for the greater part surrounded, over against the island Gissa, from which it is distant four miles to the west. ENOS, ÆNUM, or ENUS, in ancient geography, a town of Thrace, situated on the east mouth of the Hebrus, and said to be built by the Cumeans. It was a free town, in which stood the tomb of Polydorus. Here the brother of Cato Uticensis died, and was honoured with a monument of marble, in the forum of the Enii. Livy says, that the town was otherwise called Absynthus. It is now called Eno. ENUS, in ancient geography, now the Inn, a river of Germany, which rising in the country of the Grisons, out of the Rhaetian Alps, runs through the Grisons, the Tyrol, the duchy of Bavaria, and through Passau, into the Danube. OLIA. See EOLIS. cient geography, seven islands, situated between EOLIE INSULE, now Isole di Lipari, in anreigned there about the time of the Trojan war. Sicily and Italy, so called from Eolus, who mans Vulcania, from their fiery eruptions. They The Greeks call them Hephaestiades; and the Roare also called Liparæorum Insula, from their principal island Lipara. the five dialects of the Greek tongue. It was ÆÓLIAN, or AOLIC, in grammar, one of first used in Boeotia; whence it passed into Eolia, and was that in which Sappho and Alcæus wrote. The Eolic dialect generally throws out the aspirate or sharp spirit, and agrees in so many things with the Doric, that the two are usually confounded together. EOLIAN HARP. In our article ACOUSTICS, we have mentioned an instrument of this kind, the invention of which has been generally attributed to Kircher. But the fact is, that it was known and used at a much earlier date, as Mr. Richardson has proved, (Dissertation on the Manners and Customs of the East;) in various eastern countries. There is a Rabbinical story, |