man of gentle manners, of noble affections, and his sad fortune completely wrecked his happiness. That he never fully recovered from his bitter loss is very evident from the history of his subsequent career. Anne was dismissed to her father's house, being very much offended and vowing that if it ever were in her power, she would be revenged on Wolsey. At this time she had little idea how soon would come the day on which she would take ample revenge upon the cardinal. After a little time, however, the king came down to her father's castle, but Anne would not see him. Shortly after, to soften her heart, Henry advanced her father to the peerage under the title of Viscount Rochford. In 1527, Anne again appeared at court, and Henry endeavored in vain to seduce her from the path of virtue. To his criminal addresses, she replied,

"Most noble king, I will rather lose my life than my virtue, which will be the greatest and best part of the dowry I shall bring my husband."

"I shall continue to hope," replied the king. "I understand not," she said, "how you should retain such hope. Your wife I cannot be, both in respect of mine own unworthiness, and

also because you have a queen already. Your mistress I will not be."

Henry was the more deeply set upon obtaining Anne, now that there seemed little hope for success. He wrote her a series of love-letters filled with passion and a half-sensual love. That Anne replied to some of these letters cannot be denied, and it is evident that about this time she began 'to dream of a brilliant carcer at court. It is not proper from this date to call her a virtuous woman, for whether or not she consented to the king's desires, she did receive not only his addresses but those of another married man-Sir Thomas Wyatt. No woman of a pure heart would ever for a moment carry on an intrigue with a married man, and the only reason why Anne now refused to become the royal mistress was her hope of eventually becoming his wife. For now Henry began to pretend that his conscience was troubled because of his marriage with Katharine of Arragon. She had previously married his brother Arthur, and, therefore, his marriage was incestuous, he claimed. Though Katharine had been to him for seventeen years a most dutiful, and lovely, and pious wife, yet the royal hypocrite was now ready to cast her

There were also

off on the score of conscience.

The queen had

other and important reasons. borne him five children, but only one of the five, the Princess Mary, survived. Henry was naturally anxious to leave the crown to a male heir. Katharine was now growing old, and possessed little personal beauty, and the doctrines of Luther had been received with so much favor in England, that there was quite a party who were secretly in favor of Henry's divorce from Katharine, hoping that Anne Boleyn would favor the Reformation. Cardinal Wolsey also favored the idea of a divorce, but had not the slightest idea that Henry would ever marry Anne. The king now announced his determination to Cardinal Wolsey of marrying Anne Boleyn, and making her Queen of England. It is said that the cardinal was utterly astonished, and fell upon his knees before his generous but terrible master, and implored of him to renounce so perilous an idea. It It may be that he felt already a presentiment of his fate, for he must have been well aware that he had made an enemy of Anne. Perceiving that the king was immovably fixed in his determination, he at once affected to acquiesce in it, and offered his services to bring it

about. And now began the dawn of the great Reformation in England. For two years Henry importuned the pope to grant a divorcement from Katharine, but the pontiff, fearing Charles who had an army at his gates, dared not grant the wish of Henry. At length, he appointed a commission, consisting of Campeggio and Wolsey to examine the whole question. The two legates opened their court, and the king and queen appeared before them. The king answered to his name in a bold voice, but the queen said not a word. When the citation was repeated she threw herself upon her knees before the king, and made in tears one of the most pathetic appeals to his sense of justice. When she rose up she walked slowly out of court, and when the receiver-general upon whose arm she leant, said, "Madam, you are called back;" (for the crier said, "Katharine, Queen of England, come again into court;") she replied, "I hear it well enough; but on--on-go you on, for this is no court wherein I can have justice; proceed, therefore."

Her appeal made a deep impression upon those who heard it, and Henry arose and declared adroitly, that she had always been a gentle and virtuous wife, and that the wish for a

divorce was simply with him a matter of conscience. Yet previous to this, he had not hesi tated to declare to those in his confidence that

the queen was deficient in all those qualities which now he gave her credit for possessing. Such was the duplicity of this blood-thirsty and ravenous king. Henry felt almost sure of a verdict in his favor, but Campeggio took the lead and utterly refused to give judgment, referring the whole matter to the pope. The Duke of Suffolk was much enraged, and striking his fist fiercely upon the table, declared that no good had ever befallen England since cardinals came there. He aimed his blow at Wolsey, who rose and with lofty calmness replied to the insult, among other things saying, "But for me, simple cardinal as I am, you at this moment would have no head upon your shoulders," referring to the occasion when he had plead the cause of the duke before the offended king. But from this moment Wolsey's fate was sealed. Cranmer, an eminent theologian, proposed that the king appeal to the universities of Europe-that the mar riage be dissolved without asking leave of the pope. This bold idea was well suited to Henry's temperament and desires, and he at once re