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Altars, and place Holy Tables, was to root up superstition in the mind of these (by you so much despised) common people. And if you be (I will not say a 'judicious,' but) any 'divine' at all, how dare your mother's son in such a State as this, in such a Church as this, and under such a Prince so beloved as this, speak so contemptibly of these so many provisionary saints of God, so many nerves and sinews of the State, so many arms of the King to defend his friends and offend his enemies, as are these, whom (for want of wit) you jeeringly call the poor people?' This is a kind of lion, which (the more is the pity) often offends; but is not for all that to be lashed by every man's whip, but by the rod of the prince his accustomed governor, If you have obtained a cure of souls over any people, you are a poor soul yourself, if you conceive them therefore to be your own. I tell you, they are none of yours; they are the King's, they are God's people. If you feed them, they feed you, by those settled means which God and the King have provided for you and being of so proud and ignorant a spirit, as all your pamphlet speaks you, for fear you should despise any admonition of mine, I will lesson you in this point in the words of a National Council: "Because there are but too many that carry no fatherly affection, but a domineering spirit, toward the flock committed to their charge; and, like bladders blown up with the wind of arrogancy, conceive their people to be owned by them, and not by Christ: we would have them listen to their Saviour in the twenty-first of John, If you love me, feed my flock,' Meas, inquit, non suas;" Mine, good Sir, not your flock.' And therefore it is more than a presumptuous vanity

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to slight your neighbours, as if they were your own, when they are none of yours, but God's people.

'I will conclude this point with the observation of a heathen man; Irasci populo Romano nemo sapienter potest. You may (when fortune is disposed to make some Christmas sports) prove a great, but you shall never prove a wise or judicious man, by these leers and invectives against the people.'

175

INIGO JONES.*

[1572-1651.]

INIGO JONES was born about the year 1572, in the neighbourhood of St. Paul's, London, of which city his father, Mr. Ignatius Jones, by trade a clothworker, was a citizen. At a proper age he was placed apprentice with a joiner, whose business requiring some skill in drawing, was in that respect well suited to his natural genius. He distinguished himself early by his extraordinary progress in the art of designing, and was particularly noticed for his skill in landscape, of which a specimen still exists at Chiswick House. These talents recommended him to that great patron of all liberal sciences, William Earl of Pembroke, at whose expense he visited Italy and the politer parts of Europe, and upon his return home he perfected what he had acquired by diligent application.

During his residence abroad, however, his reputation spread so extensively, that Christian IV. King of Denmark, sent for him from Venice, which had been his chief residence, and where he had studied the works of Palladio, and appointed him his Archi

* AUTHORITIES. General Biographical Dictionary, and British Biography.

tect-General. He had for some time possessed this honourable post, when his royal master, whose sister Ann had married James I., made a visit to England. Mr. Jones took this opportunity of returning in his train. Upon his arrival,* the Queen appointed him her architect; and not long afterward he was taken, in the same character, into the service of Prince Henry, under whom he discharged his trust with so much ability, that he obtained in recompence the reversion of the surveyorship-general of his Majesty's works.

Prince Henry dying in 1612, Jones made a second visit to Italy, and continued there till his reversion fell to him, improving himself farther in his favourite art. Upon this occasion, he displayed an uncommon degree of generosity. The office having through extraordinary occasions, in the time of his predecessor, contracted a debt to the amount of several thousand pounds; he not only offered to serve without remuneration until the encumbrance was removed, but also persuaded his fellow-officers, the Comptroller and Paymaster, to exhibit equal disinterestedness, by which means the whole arrears were speedily discharged.

The King in his progress in 1620 visiting at Wilton, the seat of the Earl of Pembroke, among other subjects introduced an inquiry about Stonehenge;† upon which Mr. Jones, who was well known to have examined ancient buildings and ruins abroad, re

* Mr. Seward says, his first work after his return was the decoration of the inside of the church of St. Catherine Cree, Leadenhall Street.

† A stupendous pile of stones in the neighbourhood of Wilton, upon Salisbury Plain.

ceived his Majesty's commands to investigate the subject. In obedience to the royal order, he immediately took an exact measurement of the whole, diligently explored the foundation in order to trace it's original form and aspect, and after much reasoning and a copious adduction of authorities concluded, that it must have been originally a Roman temple dedicated to Cœlus, the senior of the heathen gods, and built after the Tuscan order; probably, between the time of Agricola and that of Constantine the Great. This account he presented to the King in 1620.* In the same year, he was appointed one of the Commissioners for repairing St. Paul's Cathedral in London.

Upon the death of James, he was continued by Charles I. and his consort in his old offices. He had drawn the designs for the palace of Whitehall in the preceding reign, and that part of it, which is denominated the Banqueting House, was now carried into execution. †

In 1633 an order was issued, requiring him to set about the reparation of St. Paul's; and the work was begun soon afterward at the eastern end, the first

* Being left extremely imperfect at his death, it was completed by Mr. Webb, at the desire of Dr. Harvey, Mr. Selden, and others, and published in folio in 1655, under the title of 'Stonehenge Restored.' It is somewhat singular, that almost all the successive colonists of this island have been pronounced the founders of Stonehenge. Sammes claims it for the Phonicians, Jones and Webb for the Romans, Aubrey for the Britons, Charlton for the Danes, and Bishop Nicholson for the Saxons. Then Dr. Stukeley recommences the round, and assigns it to Phoenicia. Mr. Webb, it may be remarked, beside other works, published also An Historical Essay, endeavouring to prove that the language of China is the primitive language.'

+ This was first intended for the reception of foreign embas sadors; and the ceiling was painted, some years afterward, by VOL. III.

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