lace in the centre of the monaftery, which occupies about a mile of ground in circumference, and the whole is encompaffed by a wall. The feveral buildings ferve for the accommodation of 300 Gylongs, appointed to perform religious fervices with Teefhoo Lama, until he fhall be removed to the monastery and mufnud of 7eefhoo Lamboo. It is unufual to make vifits here, or in Bootan, on the day of arrival; we therefore refted this day, only receiving and fending meffages of compliment.

On the 4th, in the morning, I was allowed to vifit Teefhoo Lama, and found him placed in great form upon his mufnud. On the left fide-ftood his father and mother; and, on the other, the perfon particularly appointed to wait upon his perfon. The mufnuḍ is a fabrick of filk cushions, piled one upon another, till the feat is elevated to the height of four feet above the floor. An embroidered filk covered the top, and the fides were decorated with pieces of filk of various colours, fufpended from the upper edge, and hanging down. By the particular By the particular tequeft of Teehoo Lama's father, Mr. Saunders and company wore the English drefs. I advanced, and, as is the cuftom, prefented a white pelong handkerchief, and delivered alfo into the Lama's hands the Governor's prefent of a string of pearls and coral, while the other things were fet down before him. Having performed the ceremony of exchange of handkerchiefs with his father and mother, we took our feats on the right hand of Teefhoo Lama.

A multitude of perfons, all thofe ordered to escort me, were admitted to his prefence, and allowed to make their proftrations. The infant Lama turned towards them, and received them all with a cheerful and fignificant look of complacency. His father addreffed me in the Tibet language, which was explained to me by the interpreter, that Teehoo Lama

had been used to remain at reft till this time of the day, but he had awoke very early this morning, and could not be prevailed on to remain longer in bed; for, added he, the English gentlemen were arrived, and he could not fleep. During the time we were in the room, I ob ferved the Lama's eyes were fçarcely ever turned from us; and, when our cups were empty of tea, he appeared uneafy, and fhrinking back his head, and contracting the skin of his brow, he kept making a noife, for he could not fpeak, until they were filled again. He took out of a golden cup containing confectionary, fome burnt fugar, and, ftretching out his arm made a motion to his attendants to give them to me. He then fent fome in like manner to Mr. Saunders, who was with me. I found myfelf, though vifiting an infant, under the neceffity of faying fomething; for it was hinted to me, that, notwithstanding he is unable to reply, it is not to be inferred that he cannot understand. However, his incapacity of anfwering excufed me many words, and I juft briefly faid, that the Governor General, on receiving the news of his decease in China, was overwhelmed with grief and forrow, and continued to lament his abfence from the world, till that cloud, which had overçaft the happiness of this nation, was difpelled by his appearance, and then, if poffible, a greater degree of joy had taken place than he had experienced of griefon receiving the firft mournful news. The Governor wished he might long continue to illumine the world with his prefence, and was hopeful that the friendfhip, which had formerly fubfifted between them, would not be diminish, ed, but rather that it might become ftill greater than before; and that, by his continuing to fhew kindnefs, to my countrymen, there might be an extenfive communication between his

votaries and the dependents of the

British nation. The little creature turned, looking ftedfastly at me with the appearance of much attention while I fpoke, and nodded with repeated but flow movements of the head, as though he understood and approved every word, but could not utter a reply. The parents, who ftood by all the time, eyed their fon with a look of affection, and a smile expreffive of heart-felt joy at the propriety of the young Lama's Conduct. His whole regard was turned to us: he was filent and fedate, never once looking towards his parents, as under their influence at the time; and with whatever pains his manners may have been formed fo correct, yet I muft own, his behaviour on this occafion appeared perfectly natural and spontaneous, and not directed by any action or fign of authority.

The scene I was here brought to take a part in was too new and extraordinary, however trivial, if not abfurd, it may appear to fome, not to claim from me great attention, and confequently minute remark.

He

monaftery, which invitation having accepted, we took our leave, and returned.

In the courfe of the afternoon I was vifited by two officers of the Lama's houfehold, both of whom are immediately attendant on his perfon. They fat and converfed with me fome time, inquired after Mr. Bogle, whom both of them had feen, and then, remarking how extremely fortunate was the young Lama's having regarded us with particular notice, obferved on the very ftrong partiality of the former Teehoo Lama for the English, and that the prefent one often tried to utter the name of the

Teefhoo Lama is at this time about eighteen months of age. did not speak a word, but made most expreffive figns, and conducted him felf with aftonishing dignity and decorum. His complexion is of that hue which in England we fhould term rather brown, but not without colour. His features good, fmall black eyes, an animated expreffion of countenance; and altogether I thought him one of the handfomeit children I had ever feen. I had but little converfation with the father. He told me he had directions to entertain me three days on account of Teefhoo Lama; and entreated me with fo much earnestness to pafs another on his own account, that I could not resist complying with the request. He then invited us to come to-morrow to an entertainment he propofed to make at a small distance from the

English. I encouraged the thought, hopeful that they would teach the prejudice to ftrengthen with his increafing age; and they afflured me, that should he, when he begins to fpeak, have forgot, they would early teach him to repeat the name of Haftings. On the morning of the 6th I again waited on Teefhoo Lama, to prefent fome curiofities I had brought from Bengal. He was very much ftruck with a fmall clock, and had it held to him, watching for a long time the revolution of the moment-hand. He admired it with gravity, and without any childish einotion. There was nothing in the ceremony different from the firft vifit. The father and mother were prefent. I stayed about half an hour, and retired, to return and take leave in the afternoon. The votaries of Teehoo Lama already began to flock in numbers to pay their adoration to him. Few are yet admitted to his prefence. Those who come esteem it a happiness if he is but fhewn to them from the window, and they are able to make their prostrations before he is removed. There came to-day a party of Kilmaaks (Calmuc Tartars), for the purpose of devotion, and to make their offerings to the Lama. When I returned from vifiting him, I faw them

standing

ftanding at the entrance of the square in the front of the palace, each with his cap off, his hands being placed together, elevated, and held even with his face. They remained upwards of half an hour in this attitude, their eyes fixed on the apartment of the Lama, and anxiety very visibly depicted in their countenances. At length I imagine he appeared to them, for they began altogether by lifting their hands ftill clofed above their heads, then bringing them even with their faces, and after lowering them, to affist them in finking and rifing, they dropped on their knees, and ftruck their heads against the ground. This, with the fame motions, was repeated nine times. They afterwards advanced to deliver their prefents, confifting of talents of gold and filver, with the produce of their country, to the proper officers, who baving received them, they retired apparently with much fatisfaction. Upon enquiry I learnt, that offerings made in this manner are by no means unfrequent, and in reality conftitute one of the most copious fources from

which the Lamas of Tibet derive their wealth. No one thinks themfelves degraded by performing these humiliations. The perfons I allude to, who came for this devout purpose, were attendant on a man of fuperior rank, that feemed to be more engroffed than the rest in the performance of the ceremony. He wore a rich fatin garment, lined with foxskins, and a cap with a taffel of scarlet filk flowing from the center of the crown on the fides all round, and edged with a broad band of Siberian fur.

According to the appointment, F went in the afternoon to make my laft vifit to Teefhoo Lama. I received his dispatches for the Governor General, and from his parents two pieces of fatin for the Governor with many compliments.

They prefented me with a vest lined with lamb-skins, making many affurances of a long remembrance, and obferving, that now Teefhoo Lama is an infant, and incapable of converfing, but they hoped to fee me when he fhall have become of age.

ARRO informs us, that, in his time, the Romans were wont to drive their sheep out of Apulia into Samnium before the fummer, and that the number of sheep intended to graze there was given in, that a proper allotment of land might be affignned, according to their number and the goodness of the pafture. During the wars that ravaged Italy after the ruin of the Roman empire, this judicious practice was neglected for centuries but Mr Swinburne, in his Travels in Italy, relates, that it was again renewed by Alphonfus the First, king of Naples. He engaged to fup

ply the breeders of fheep in his dominions with a fine new race, imported from Spain, faid to be propagated from sheep fent into Spain as a prefent from England by king Edward. As an encouragement to his people, the king engaged to provide winterpasture for the fheep during seven months. The Crown not being poffeffed of fufficient pasture for the great flock that in time might be expected from Abruzzo, the minifter purchased, from the Puglin proprietors as much more as was deemed adequate to this purpose. Perpetual leafes were made for feven months in

the

the year, during which time no other fheep or cattle were allowed to feed on these pastures. So anxious was he for fuccefs, that, in case of the failure of herbage, the Crown referved a power of compelling all fubjects to let on lease such grass-lands as might be wanted to make up the deficiency. The flocks were to pafs free from all dues and tolls, and to be protected from all affaults or disturbances. The owners were furnished with materials for huts and folds at reasonable prices, on credit. The numbers transported in this manner were computed at one million and two hundred thoufand. The fubfequent wars again interrupted thefe laudable inftitutions. We have lately had two very particular accounts, that this practice is ftill continued in Spain, and with remarkable good fuccefs.

The first care of the shepherds in Spain, on coming to the spot on which the sheep are to be fed during the fummer, is to give to the ewes as much falt as they will eat. The method of giving it to them is as follows: the Thepherd places a fufficient number of flat ftones about twenty feet from one another. He lays falt on each stone, then leads his flock flowly between the stones, and each sheep eats at pleafure. This they frequently repeat, the sheep feeding heartily, owing probably to the craving the falt occafions; and they return to the falt with redoubled ardor. The allowance of falt to each sheep during the season is nearly a pound and a half. This example may, in fome degree, be followed on the borders of Wales, in fome parts of Derbyshire and Lancafhire, and perhaps with more fuccefs on the hills on the borders between England and Scotland. It is obferved that the wool of Andalufia is coarfe, because their sheep never change climate like the marine flocks; whose wool would also degenerate, if they were kept to one place; as that

of Andalufia would improve, were they accustomed to migrate.

There are feveral other practices followed in Spain, befides the migra tion of their fheep, which may be worthy of our imitation.

About the end of September they mark their fheep, by rubbing on their loyns ocre diluted with water; being of opinion that the ocre, incorporating with the grease of wool, protects them from the inclemency of the weather. Others think that the ocre acts as an abforbent, and fucks up the excefs of the tranfpiration. These practices at least are worthy of trial in the northern countries, instead of fhearing their sheep, which occafions a confiderable lofs of wool, whereas the ocre would easily wash out.

In the end of September, the fheep begin their march to a warmer climate. They have a free paffage thro' all paftures and commons belonging to the vintages. to the vintages. The shepherds are careful to lead them to the fame pastures, where they had been the former winter: for if they are not led thither, they discover the difference of the ground by the great fenfibility of their olfactory organs.

The Spaniards begin to fhear their fheep as early as the weather will permit, left the fleeces, being piled one above another, may rot. They have buildings which will contain the flock. This is the more neceffary, as the ewes are fo delicate, that, if immediately expofed to the chilling air of the night, they would perish.

On the day of fhearing, the fheep are conducted into a fudatory, where they are kept as clofe as poffible, that they may sweat freely, in order to foften the wool. The Romans had a fomewhat fimilar practice. Columella relates, that they foaked the wool with oil and wine, till it was faturated, before the fhearing time. How far it would be adviseable to imitate this practice fhould be referred

to

to experiments. That it might be advifeable to finear their bodies after fhearing fcarcely admits of a doubt, as it would prevent infects ftinging them, and perhaps depofiting their eggs in their fkins. Perhaps oil and ftrong beer might answer this purpofe.

The Romans at all times penned their sheep in clean folds, and carefully kept them free from filth. The fheep were never allowed to feed till the fun had dried up the dew, becaufe the fpirting of the drops was apt to give the fheep fore eyes.

The Spaniards divided their wool into three forts. The back and belly gave the fuperfine; the neck and fides gave the fine; and the breast, the fhoulders, and thighs, the coarfe.

When the thepherds think there is the appearance of a storm, they make proper fignals to their dogs, to collect the flock, and lead them to fhelter. I have been informed that the wool of our fheep would be improved, if our sheep were kept under cover during the fevere winter nights. The experiment might be easily made.

Having thus related the practice of other nations in the management of their sheep, in order to improve their wool, examples which we in part at leaft may imitate, I fhall next confider the various articles of their food, in as far as they may tend to the fame purpose. That their food has a fenfible effect on their wood, is manifeft from the difference of the wool in different parts of this country, which difference probably arifes from the difference of their food. We have an inftance of a remarkable difference in wool owing to I cannot fay what caufe. The fact is, that, notwithftanding the inclemency of the weather in Shetland, I have feen shauls made of the wool of the Shetland fheep little inferior to thofe from India. Their management of their fheep is furely worthy of enquiry.

The conftant verdure of our downs

affords our fheep a food fuperior to what any of our neighbours enjoy. The question is, whether this natural production of our downs may not be improved by introducing plants of which theep are observed to be particularly fond, because it is probable, that what seems to contribute to their health may alfo contribute to the improvement of their wock.

The late Lord Elibank, a nobleman diftinguished by his ingenuity and judgment, mentioned it as a certain fign that the fheep were particularly fond of fuch plants as, in their usual paftures, were not allowed to run to feed. His Lordship obferved, that in a pafture near his feat, in which grew a good deal of milfoil or yarrow, he did not fee that it ever rofe to bloom. He therefore inclofed a part of the pafture with hurdles, thereby to give the plant an opportunity to perfect its feed, which was carefully collected, and fown in part of a field which was laid down with grafs-feeds. plants came up well; and, when the ground was next fummer in condition to bear the treading of fheep, he fent in a number to cut up the grass. His Lordship obferved that, before the fheep touched the other graffes, they had ate up all the yarrow. The fheep are obferved to be alfo very fond of ribwort or narrow-leaved plantain.

The

I have been informed, that in feveral parts on the borders of Wales, burnet grows naturally, of which the fheep are obferved to be fond. Their wool there is faid to be peculiarly fine, and that their mutton is well relifhed; and the cattle and sheep, which feed on it, give plenty of milk. As I have feen fome experiments made on burnet, and have heard of others, I fhall beg leave to treat of it at some length.

A general complaint against burnet is, that it does not produce a fufficiently plentiful crop when it is fown in broad caft, and grafs comes up with it: the objection is juft. In or

der