CONTENTS OF VOL. IX.

CHAPTER LVII.

CAMPAIGN OF ASPERN.

1. Measures of Napoleon for a grand concentric attack upon Vienna,

2. Defensive measures of the Archduke Charles,

3. Dispositions of Napoleon,

4. March of the army to Ebersberg, on the Traun,

5. Description of the scenery near Salzburg,

6. Causes of its extraordinary beauty,

7. Description of the position of Ebersberg,

8. And of the Austrian corps which occupied it,

9. Massena resolves to attack. Desperate gallantry of the French,

10. After a frightful struggle the post is still maintained,

11. The French at last gain the pass,

12. Hiller falls back towards Vienna,

13. Advance of the French army towards Vienna,

14. It arrives before that city,

15. Napoleon's observations on Richard Coeur-de-Lion,

16. Ineffectual attempt to defend Vienna,

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2

3

4

5

6

7

ib.

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

17. Napoleon's measures to reduce Vienna,

16

18. Danger of the future Empress Marie Louise,

17

19. The Archduke Maximilian abandons Vienna, which capitulates,

ib.

20. Position of the different corps of the French armies in the middle of May, 18

21. Movements of the Archduke Charles, and position of his army,

27. Capture of the mountain forts of Carinthia and Styria by the French, 26

28. Assault of the Col di Tarvis and other forts,

29. Noble defence of Hermann, and progress of Macdonald,

30. Fall of Trieste, Laybach, and the whole frontier defences of Austria,

31. Total defeat of Jellachich in the valley of the Muhr,

33. Chances of the conflict under the walls of Vienna to either party,

34. Napoleon resolves to cross the Danube, and attack the enemy,

35. Description of the islands of the Danube near Vienna, and the different

channels of the river,

27

30

33

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36. Napoleon's preparations to effect the passage. Failure at Nussdorf,

37. His vigorous efforts to effect a passage at Lobau,

34

35

39. Operations of the Archduke on the Upper Danube at Lintz and Krems,

40. The Archduke resolves to attack the French who had crossed,

41. Austrian plan and order of attack,

42. Position and dangers of the French army,

43. Napoleon is surprised, but resolves to give battle,

44. Austrian plan of attack, and forces on both sides,

45. Desperate conflict at Aspern,

ib.

36

37

38

40

41

42

43

49. Feelings with which both parties passed the night on the field of battle,

50. Heroic constancy of the French,

51. Renewal of the action on the 22d. Aspern and Essling are again obsti-

nately disputed,

52. Aspern is finally carried by the Austrians,

53. Napoleon makes a grand attack on the Austrian centre,

54. Which is at first successful,

55. Desperate resistance of the Austrian centre,

56. Success of Hohenzollern, and rupture of the bridges,

57. The French retire towards the island of Lobau,

58. Invincible defence of Essling by the Imperial Guard,

59. Last attack of the Austrians, and fall of Marshal Lannes,

60. His death,

61. Results of the battle, and loss on both sides,

62. Deplorable situation of the French army in the island of Lobau, on the

63. Council of war in the island of Lobau, in which it is resolved by Napo-

leon to maintain himself in that island,

64. The position there is accordingly maintained, and Napoleon retires to

Vienna,

65. Reflections on the tactics of Napoleon in the battle of Aspern,

66. His military errors and rashness on this occasion,

67. Observations on the French method of attacking in column,

70. Glorious character of the Austrian resistance at Aspern,

71. Disastrous effects of the Archduke John's disobedience of orders,

72. Immense importance of central fortresses on the defence of nations,

73. Infatuation of England in this respect,

68. Disadvantages of the attack in column when steadily resisted,

69. Napoleon's reasons for his rash conduct,

49

50

51

ib.

52

53

54

55

56

ib.

57

59

CHAPTER LVIII.

WAR IN THE TYROL, NORTHERN GERMANY, AND POLAND.

1. Extraordinary interest of the Tyrolese war,

2. Description of the Tyrol,

3. Opposite character of the northern and southern sides of the mountains,

4. Description of the great valleys and rivers of the Tyrol,